Extractos y versiones parciales de tesis

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http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/12

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Examinando Extractos y versiones parciales de tesis por Materia "Ciencias económicas"

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    Análisis de la situación actual del emprendimiento en las facultades y escuelas de Educación españolas: perspectiva de los decanos/as, egresados/as y estudiantes
    (Universidad de Deusto, 2022-12-15) Paños Castro, Jessica; Bezanilla, María José; Markuerkiaga Arriola, Leire; Facultad de Educación y Deporte; Programa de Doctorado en Educación por la Universidad de Deusto
    Vivimos en un contexto volátil, desconocido, difícil de predecir y con altas tasas de desempleo. En este sentido, el emprendimiento puede ser la solución a muchos de los grandes retos económicos, sociales y medioambientales que hoy en día atravesamos, porque emprender es la capacidad de crear un proyecto, negocio y/o empresa, además de tomar y afrontar riesgos con el propósito de cumplir objetivos. Sin embargo, la definición más utilizada es la que se refiere al autoempleo. Una de las claves para desarrollar la cultura emprendedora y las actitudes emprendedoras como la iniciativa, el trabajo en equipo, la creatividad, la asunción de riesgos y la perseverancia, entre otros, es a través de la educación, desde infantil hasta la universidad. En esta misma línea, la universidad juega un rol sumamente importante en el desarrollo del espíritu emprendedor, favoreciendo la participación de los estudiantes, el contacto cercano con las empresas, el uso de metodologías activas para aprender haciendo e integrando formación que promueva el emprendimiento. Pero ¿realmente todas las facultades y escuelas promueven el emprendimiento? ¿los planes de estudios de los grados de Educación Primaria recogen la importancia de la competencia emprendedora? ¿valoran los estudiantes de últimos cursos crear una empresa y trabajar por cuenta propia? En esta línea, esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo principal analizar la situación actual de las facultades y escuelas de educación de España, y como subobjetivos se han definido los siguientes: analizar el nivel de emprendimiento en las facultades y escuelas de educación de España, conocer los factores que han incidido en el desarrollo de la actividad emprendedora de los egresados de las facultades y escuelas de educación, analizar los planes de estudio de los grados de Educación Primaria de España para el desarrollo de la competencia emprendedora, y determinar la intención emprendedora del alumnado de últimos cursos del grado de Educación Primaria del País Vasco. En aras de dar respuesta a dichos objetivos se ha llevado a cabo, en primer lugar, un análisis sobre el nivel de emprendimiento académico en las facultades y escuelas de educación de España desde la perspectiva de los decanos/as y directores/as, antes y después del Covid19. En segundo lugar, se han realizado entrevistas en profundidad a egresados de las facultades de educación que han emprendido un negocio para conocer en qué medida su facultad/universidad les ha ayudado a la hora de emprender. En tercer lugar, se han examinado los planes de estudio de los grados de Educación Primaria del curso 2021-2022 de España para comprender en qué medida la competencia emprendedora es señalada y qué tipo de metodologías docentes se utilizan para el desarrollo de la competencia emprendedora. Y, por último, se ha empleado un cuestionario a los estudiantes de últimos cursos de los grados de Educación Primaria del País Vasco para determinar su intención emprendedora después de terminar sus estudios. Como resultado de todo lo anterior, las principales conclusiones que se evidencian de estos estudios son las siguientes: el nivel de emprendimiento de las facultades y escuelas de educación de España es suficiente, no existen diferencias significativas por tipo de facultad/escuela ni Comunidad Autónoma ni por el Covid-19, las dimensiones más desarrolladas son las metodologías activas y misión y estrategia, la intención emprendedora de los estudiantes del grado de Educación Primaria del País Vasco es baja, la competencia emprendedora no está suficientemente integrada en los planes de estudio del grado de Educación Primaria, sigue predominando el uso de la lección magistral en los planes de estudio aunque los egresados perciben un cambio metodológico, y los egresados perciben que su facultad no les ha informado lo suficiente en el proceso de emprender. Finalmente, cabe destacar que este trabajo de investigación se estructura en cuatro partes bien diferenciadas: introducción, publicaciones, conclusiones y líneas futuras de investigación, y anexos. El desarrollo de la tesis comprende una primera parte introductoria en la que se presenta el tema objeto de estudio de la tesis, la justificación de la elección del tema, el estado de la cuestión y un cuadro resumen de los cuatro artículos que se presentan, además de la calidad de las publicaciones. La segunda parte contiene los cuatro estudios de investigación, y una tercera parte recoge las conclusiones principales del estudio, las implicaciones prácticas, las limitaciones del estudio y las futuras líneas de investigación. Adicionalmente, se añade también un apartado de anexos.
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    Integrating game-theory in the supplier selection process for complex items: An action research program to develop a systematic process for practical application
    (Universidad de Deusto, 2020-07-22) Mediavilla, Miguel; Rivera Hernáez, Olga; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales; Competitividad Empresarial y Territorial, Innovación y Sostenibilidad
    There has been a growing interest in the industry and academia around the application of game-theory to enhance the impact of supplier selection processes and increase competition among suppliers. Game-theory has been considered one of the best suited theories to tackle negotiations and utilising its jargon, the supplier selection process will be considered a game, i.e. a situation in which players have conflicting interests and its theory copes with the study of multi-person decision problems. In fact, game-theory suggests reasonable solutions for classes of games and examines their properties: i.e., that it may be used for explanation, prediction, or prescription of games in various circumstances. These studies however have been mainly descriptive and the knowledge about design characteristics, application and impact of these supplier selection models is still limited. Our aim is to contribute to this debate by presenting the empirical application of a systematic process to design and execute game-theory based supplier selection processes, especially for technically complex items. Our research purpose is to support a buyer so as to be able to design and execute a supplier selection process in which: there is a big number of qualified supplier (players) that compete in a predefined manner (order), in order to win a pre-established award (payoff). Then, it will possible to influence the potential decisions from suppliers (strategies or choices) by the buyer’s interest. In other words, game-theory could consequently help buyers to create more competition, which may contribute to balance the outcome of imperfect markets. We have worked on industrial case studies with strong focus on complex items and have utilised the following elements from game-theory in supplier selection processes: (a) game-trees and backward-induction principle from the bargaining theory, and (b) two-phase game with a reverse auction and a subsequent consecutive negotiation of take-it-or-leave-it. In these cases, we have not only described the supplier selection processes (what has been done), but also the hows and whys of our decisions. Specially interesting has been also the research on how product engineering methods and tools can increase the performance of the game-theory for the supplier selection processes. Our findings suggest that application of game-theory can enhance the chance to have better performance from the supplier selection process by: (1) providing a better prediction of the negotiation outcome, (2) prescribing, in consequence, the best fitting game, and (3) increasing competition among suppliers. Also, observations from our industrial cases confirm that product engineering methods and tools can be crucial to apply effectively game-theory.
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    Sources of innovation in firms from an emerging economy
    (Universidad de Deusto, 2021-01-08) Carrillo Carrillo, Francisco; Alcalde Heras, Henar; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales; Programa de Doctorado en Competitividad Empresarial y Territorial, Innovación y Sostenibilidad (Interuniversitario)
    Historically, the research on innovation has evolved in the context of advanced economies and high-tech environments. This work represents an investigative exercise following the works of those scholars who have put their attention to this rather young research field, looking to throw some light into the innovation phenomenon in emerging economies. The dissertation has the objective to unravelling some of the nuances in the innovation management field in emerging economies. Accordingly, this work is structured in three interconnected analysis that start from a general study of innovation strategies at firm-level and narrows down to specific aspects of these strategies in a sample of Mexican firms. The first part of this work explores the literature on the modes of innovation to determine the types of strategies utilised by firms in order to attain innovation and, subsequently analysing which is more effective. The analysis covers 9 628 Mexican firms with 10 or more employees. The results of the logit regressions suggest that a combined STI and DUI innovation approach yields better results in terms of product innovation. Also, these results point out that the weight of DUI mode of innovation is larger on product innovation than the STI mode. This is opposed to what was expected regarding the utilisation of the modes of innovation in emerging economies. Finally, the combination of STI and DUI modes are limited only to product innovation. The DUI mode has a greater impact on process innovation than STI mode as well as the combination of STI and DUI. The second part of this dissertation empirically analyses the importance of external interactions over innovation results, first, in terms of the R&D content of the interactions (R&D-related and non-R&D-related), and second, in terms of the geographical scope (regional and global). The results aim to provide a more nuanced picture of the type of interactions pursued by the domestic SMEs in an emerging economy context. The analysis uses a sample of 2 834 domestic SMEs in Mexico with 10 or more employees during the period of 2010 to 2013. The results point out that domestic SMEs in Mexico seem to effectively innovate through non-R&D interactions, but not so using interactions based on R&D. On the other hand, the findings suggest that domestic SMEs find relevant knowledge that satisfy their requirements within regional boundaries, at least if this is compared with those accessing only global knowledge. However, firms that establish both global and regional interactions simultaneously have a greater innovation capacity than those who only rely on regional interactions. Lastly, inspired by the previous two parts of this dissertation, the third part examines, in the context of an emerging economy, the role of Technology-based Knowledge Intensive Business Services as potential suppliers of crucial knowledge for innovation in manufacturing firms in low technology sectors and the impact on their innovation outputs. The analysis is based on sample of 2 735 manufacturing firms with 10 or more employees from the period of 2010 to 2013. The results show that product innovation in low-tech and medium-low-tech manufacturing firms is influenced positively by T-KIBS to different extents. However, this effect seems to decline after two years, suggesting that, although the potential for innovation in low-tech and medium-low-tech manufacturing firms can be enhanced by acquiring T-KIBS, this seems to be a rather short-term strategy.
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    The continuity of entrepreneurial families
    (Universidad de Deusto, 2021-07-09) Martínez-Sanchis, Paula; Aragón Amonarriz, Cristina; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales; Programa de Doctorado en Competitividad Empresarial y Territorial, Innovación y Sostenibilidad (Interuniversitario)
    The ubiquity of Family Businesses (FBs) in most territories worldwide makes of their continuity a subject of interest for academics and practitioners alike. A distinguishing feature of this particular form of business is to be in the pursuit of continuity by implementing a transgenerational vision. In the quest for it, the Entrepreneurial Families (EFs) running the businesses face several obstacles that can jeopardise the successful attainment of survival. This Doctoral dissertation addresses EFs’ continuity from an encompassing internal and external perspective through the conduction of three empirical investigations under the form of three research papers. In the first research paper, the internal perspective is tackled by delving into the tacit sphere of perceptions that emerge within the FBs during the intra-family succession process. Particularly, because, according to literature on leadership, the expectations of leaders influence the performance of followers, in this first investigation, the so-called Pygmalion Effect (PE) is applied to examine how it is developed and how it can be preserved in the context of family Small and Medium Enterprises. To do so, a qualitative investigation is conducted by focusing on the intra-family succession processes of four in-depth cases. Offering a kaleidoscopic view, empirical evidence stemming from the research demonstrates that the PE supports incumbent, successor, and key stakeholders’ expectations through the process. Secondly, the external perspective is investigated by the two remaining research papers. For EFs to continue and grow, remaining embedded in the territory is required. Despite this, the study of embeddedness as a binding mechanism that ties the FB to the territory had been scarcely researched. To fill this void, in the second research paper an exploration on how territory impacts on EFs’ embeddedness is conducted. From a territorial perspective, the cultural, political, structural, and cognitive modes of embeddedness are revisited. After analysing twenty-five semi-structured interviews, findings unveil that the EFs’ embeddedness can be impacted by the territory via these four modes. Specifically, a framework of sixteen territorial factors were identified, being two of them labelled as transversal given their simultaneous operation in more than one mode of embeddedness. Finally, the third research paper examines the local embeddedness of EFs from a multi-territorial perspective. Considering that, EFs are not only entrenched in their territories, but also in institutions, to understand how different institutional settings impact on EFs’ local embeddedness has relevant implications for their continuity. Bringing together research from family business literature and the institutional theory, a qualitative investigation is performed. Following the Varieties of Capitalism logics, forty-three EFs and local experts were interviewed in regions belonging to European countries classified as three distinctive institutional settings. Namely, region of Baden-Württemberg (in Germany, as a Coordinated Market Economy), region of Scotland (in United Kingdom, as a Liberal Market Economy), and the Basque Country and Pays-dela-Loire regions (in Spain and France respectively, as Mediterranean capitalist cases). Offering a framework of twenty institutional mechanisms, findings revealed that formal and informal institutional mechanisms impact differently according to the institutional setting where the EF is embedded. Theoretical and practical implications for each of the research papers are drawn.
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    The impact of ethical leadership on employees' behavioural support for change during times of uncertainty
    (Universidad de Deusto, 2019-12-19) Ahmed, Mohamed Elmetwally Elsayed Metwally; Gartzia Fernández, Leire; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales; Programa de Doctorado en Competitividad Empresarial y Territorial, Innovación y Sostenibilidad (Interuniversitario)
    Ethical leaders are capable of illuminating the positive side of change uncertainty to their subordinates via various mechanisms. Firstly, they have a positive influence over their subordinate’s cognition and perceptions which enables them to change their psychological and behavioural reactions to change positively. Secondly, their cognitive influence stems from their altruism, fairness, concern for people, ethical guidance, integrity which motivates people to trust them during turbulent and uncertain times. This research studies the impact of ethical leadership (EL) on subordinates’ behavioural support for change (BSC) in health organizations, witnessing organizational changes and operating in uncertain external environments. It also examines the mediating effect of commitment to change and employees’ perceived uncertainty on the relationship between ethical leadership and behavioural support for change. A dyadic multi-source cross-sectional design was adapted following the double rating recommendation of Podsakoff (2003) on leaders and subordinates’ behaviour. Individual level dyadic data was obtained from 600 medical staff and their direct leaders (total N= 1100) on the same hierarchal level. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the research hypotheses. Results showed that ethical leadership has a direct positive impact on subordinates’ behavioural support for change. This positive impact is positively mediated by subordinates’ commitment to change and their perceived level of uncertainty. Future research using a longitudinal design is needed to test the ability of ethical leaders to transform their subordinates’ resistance to change into behavioural support for change and to test the likely best inferred causal dynamics. These findings suggest that ethical leaders can enhance their subordinates’ behavioural support for change during highly uncertain organizational changes. Organizations may, consequently, seek to increase the level of ethical leadership through new training, selection and change strategies that focus on the promotion of ethics. Furthermore, ethical leaders could also be capable of formulating more effective change strategies and of managing change resistance more effectively.