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Ítem Kinesiophobia: psychological aspects of physical activity in breast cancer patients(Frontiers Media SA, 2024-02-19) Malchrowicz Mośko, Ewa; Waśkiewicz, Zbigniew; Castañeda Babarro, Arkaitz; León Guereño, PatxiÍtem Functioning in schizophrenia: recommendations of an expert panel(Elsevier B.V., 2024-07-03) Corripio Collado, Iluminada; Fraguas Herráez, David; García Portilla González, María Paz; Olivares Díez, José Manuel; Sierra San Miguel, Pilar; Sánchez Gómez, Pedro ManuelFunctioning is a fundamental dimension across all aspects of life, frequently compromised or reduced in individuals with schizophrenia. However, the lack of a commonly agreed definition of functioning in schizophrenia makes it difficult to apply this concept in clinical practice. In this document, we make a detailed analysis of the literature to identify and define functioning and describe how it can be used in clinical practice today. We performed a preliminary literature search in the MEDLINE database (via PubMed) for articles discussing functioning in schizophrenia. The articles retrieved were then read and discussed by a panel of psychiatrists specialising in schizophrenia. The conclusions reached in this meeting formed the basis for a new exhaustive literature search for the purpose of synthesising the evidence published in the past 5 years. In this article, we show the importance a comprehensive, modern, homogeneous definition of functioning in schizophrenia, propose a definition of functioning, and put forward a series of recommendations for assessing functioning in clinical practice. We also review current unmet needs and highlight the need for a standardised tool for evaluating functioning.Ítem Managing the unknown in machine learning: definitions, related areas, recent advances, and prospects(Elsevier B.V., 2024-06-14) Barcina Blanco, Marcos; López Lobo, Jesús; García Bringas, Pablo; Ser Lorente, Javier delIn the rapidly evolving domain of machine learning, the ability to adapt to unforeseen circumstances and novel data types is of paramount importance. The deployment of Artificial Intelligence is progressively aimed at more realistic and open scenarios where data, tasks, and conditions are variable and not fully predetermined, and therefore where a closed set assumption cannot be hold. In such evolving environments, machine learning is asked to be autonomous, continuous, and adaptive, requiring effective management of uncertainty and the unknown to fulfill expectations. In response, there is a vigorous effort to develop a new generation of models, which are characterized by enhanced autonomy and a broad capacity to generalize, enabling them to perform effectively across a wide range of tasks. The field of machine learning in open set environments poses many challenges and also brings together different paradigms, some traditional but others emerging, where the overlapping and confusion between them makes it difficult to distinguish them or give them the necessary relevance. This work delves into the frontiers of methodologies that thrive in these open set environments, by identifying common practices, limitations, and connections between the paradigms Open-Ended Learning, Open-World Learning, Open Set Recognition, and other related areas such as Continual Learning, Out-of-Distribution detection, Novelty Detection, and Active Learning. We seek to easy the understanding of these fields and their common roots, uncover open problems and suggest several research directions that may motivate and articulate future efforts towards more robust and autonomous systems.Ítem El principio de competencia ante las nuevas responsabilidades de la contratación pública: hacia un paradigma íntegro y eficiente(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2022-03-28) Gallastegi Ormaetxea, Itxaso; Arnáez Arce, Vega MaríaLas Directivas europeas de 2014 sobre contratación pública han transformado definitivamente los contratos públicos en cauce estratégico para la consecución de objetivos sociales, ambientales y de innovación comunes, al mismo tiempo que han reconocido, por vez primera de forma expresa, el principio de competencia como pilar fundamental de todo el sistema de contratación. Dos realidades, antagónicas para algunos, pero cuya articulación constituye, para muchos otros, uno de los retos más grandes del Derecho administrativo de nuestros días. Es por ello que con este modesto trabajo hemos pretendido plantear algunas vías de compaginación, en las que, si bien la integridad y la eficiencia tienen un peso capital, debe hacerse hincapié en la necesidad de una voluntad política real de conseguirlo.Ítem ¿Son el liderazgo y la innovación organizacional catalizadores de la atención centrada en las personas?: estudio de caso de la Fundación Matia(Gobierno Vasco = Eusko Jaurlaritza: Departamento de Vivienda y Asuntos Sociales = Etxebizitza eta Gizarte Gaietarako Saila, 2022) Amunarriz Pérez, Gerardo Ramón; Alcalde Heras, HenarLa pandemia de covid-19 ha constatado lo que la literatura ya venía evidenciando: la necesidad de un cambio en profundidad del modelo de cuidados de larga duración hacia un nuevo paradigma centrado en las personas que abogue por la desinstitucionalización. Sin embargo, a la hora de implementarlo las personas directivas encuentran serias barreras para su generalización. Este estudio de caso de la Fundación Matia se centra, precisamente, en fundamentar los intentos directivos para escalar y generalizar las buenas prácticas generadas en el proyecto Etxean Ondo — que comenzó en 2011 bajo el liderazgo del Gobierno Vasco—, para el desarrollo de la atención centrada en la persona en Euskadi. Los resultados muestran cómo la creación de equipos pequeños y estables en unidades de convivencia, la sistematización de espacios para el aprendizaje cooperativo y el desarrollo de liderazgo personal a través de nuevos perfiles profesionales, fomentan un contexto de mayor autogestión organizativa favorable a la atención centrada en la persona.Ítem La educación social y los centros penitenciarios: nuevos horizontes(Gobierno Vasco = Eusko Jaurlaritza: Departamento de Vivienda y Asuntos Sociales = Etxebizitza eta Gizarte Gaietarako Saila, 2022) Ruiz Narezo, Marta; Santibáñez Gruber, Rosa; Agundez del Castillo, RosaA través de una revisión de la literatura y la legislación vigente en el ámbito penitenciario, este artículo pretende acercarse a la figura del educador o educadora recogida en la ley, y también al modelo catalán, dejando pistas de cuáles podrían ser las funciones de la educación social en las prisiones de Euskadi, tras la reciente adquisición de competencias en dicha materia. Se analizan las dificultades y las oportunidades de intervención que plantea la prisión como un espacio educativo donde fomentar las relaciones interpersonales de apoyo y se defiende la necesidad de privilegiar lo humano a través de la presencia de la educación social en los centros penitenciarios. La clave está en generar espacios y procesos que persigan la reinserción y reeducación de las personas privadas de libertad. El objetivo del artículo es reivindicar la urgencia de la educación social como un derecho de ciudadanía, también en los contextos carcelarios vascos.Ítem Reliability of an interpretation bias task of ambiguous faces and its relationship with social anxiety, depression, and looming maladaptive style(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-03) Prieto Fidalgo, Ángel; Mueller, Sven C. ; Calvete Zumalde, EstherSocial anxiety (SA) and depression have been associated with negative interpretation biases of social stimuli. Studies often assess these biases with ambiguous faces, as people with SA and depression tend to interpret such faces negatively. However, the test–retest reliability of this type of task is unknown. Our objectives were to develop a new interpretation bias task with ambiguous faces and analyse its properties in terms of test–retest reliability and in relation to SA, depression, and looming maladaptive style (LMS). Eight hundred sixty-four participants completed a task in which they had to interpret morphed faces as negative or positive on a continuum between happy and angry facial expressions. In addition, they filled out scales on SA, depressive symptoms, and LMS. Eighty-four participants completed the task again after 1–2 months. The test–retest reliability was moderate (r =.57–.69). The data revealed a significant tendency to interpret faces as negative for people with higher SA and depressive symptoms and with higher LMS. Longer response times to interpret the happy faces were positively associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms. The reliability of the present task was moderate. The results highlight associations between the bias interpretation task and SA, depression, and LMS.Ítem The association between dispositional mindfulness and need threat following cstracism in spanish adolescents: the moderating role of age(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2022) Royuela Colomer, Estíbaliz; Orue Sola, Izaskun; Ren, Dongning ; Fernández González, LiriaOstracism –being ignored and excluded– entails risks for adolescent mental health. Less is known about the factors that are negatively associated with the adverse consequences of ostracism. This study explored the association between dispositional mindfulness and need threat following social exclusion using the Cyberball paradigm. Sex and age were included as moderators of the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and need threat. Additionally, the factor structure of the Need Threat Scale (NTS) was analyzed in Spanish adolescents. Participants (N = 750, 52.4% female; mean age = 14.51) completed a mindfulness questionnaire, were ostracized in the Cyberball game, and reported their need threat during this game. Dispositional mindfulness was negatively associated with need threat only in older adolescents (>15 years old). Although girls reported higher levels of need threat than boys, sex did not moderate the association between mindfulness and need threat. This research suggests that dispositional mindfulness is only associated with NTS in older adolescents and girls are more vulnerable to the negative consequence of ostracism.Ítem Mediating role of rumination between anger and anxious-depressive symptomatology in family members of people with gambling disorder(Springer, 2023-09) Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Jáuregui Bilbao, Paula; Momeñe López, Janire ; Macía Guerrero, Laura; Etxaburu Azpeitia, NereaGambling disorder is characterized by a behavioural pattern of dysfunctional gambling that persists despite its negative implications in different areas of people’s daily life. One of the most negatively affected areas is the one related to family members. This study aimed, firstly, to study the differences between family members of people with gambling disorder and a general population sample in anger (state, trait, expression-out, expression-in. control-out and control-in), rumination (brooding, reflection and total), and anxiety and depression. The second aim was to analyse the correlation between these variables in the family members of people with gambling disorder, and thirdly, to analyse the mediating role of rumination between anger, anxiety and depression. This study consisted of 170 people, of whom 87 were family members of people with a gambling disorder, and 83 were from the general population. Instruments measuring anger, anxiety, depression, and ruminative responses were administered. Results showed that family members had significantly higher scores in anger (state), depression, anxiety, rumination (total and brooding). Also, results showed that anger correlated positively and significantly with rumination, depression and anxiety, which also correlated positively and significantly with each other. Third, rumination mediated the relationship between the following variables: anger (state) and depression; anger (trait) and anxiety and depression; anger (external expression) and anxiety and depression. A complete mediating effect was found in the latter case and a partial mediating effect in the first two cases. In conclusion, it is found that having a family member with a gambling disorder may increase levels of anger, anxiety, depression and rumination. Furthermore, it is shown that working on rumination may reduce depression and anxiety in family members of gamblers.Ítem Bioética y justicia global: análisis crítico sobre la estrategia global de vacunación COVID-19(Universidad Anáhuac México, 2022-01-02) Cruz Ayuso, Cristina de laEste artículo toma como base de análisis el Plan del Fondo Monetario Internacional para hacer frente a la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. Uno de los retos que afronta esa estrategia global es responder de manera eficiente a una demanda de cobertura universal de la vacuna; algo que exige un difícil equilibrio de gobernanza multinivel. Sin embargo, desde la perspectiva de la justicia global, la distribución y acceso a la vacuna se ha convertido en un problema geopolítico con repercusiones sin precedentes a nivel global. En este trabajo se problematizan algunos aspectos de esta estrategia. En un primer momento, a partir del enfoque de Fraser sobre justicia global, se analizan cuáles son sus principales limitaciones y las consecuencias que está teniendo en términos de distribución y acceso. En la parte final se incluye una sucinta aproximación sobre el alcance de dicha estrategia para las mujeres.Ítem Physiological and mental health changes in cancer patients during the COVID-19 state of emergency(Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l., 2023-03) Gutiérrez Santamaría, Borja; Castañeda Babarro, Arkaitz ; Arietaleanizbeaskoa, María Soledad; Mendizabal Gallastegui, Nere; Grandes Odriozola, Gonzalo; Coca Núñez, AitorBackgrounds: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that we are currently facing, many governments across the world have declared a state of emergency and even confinements. This stressful situation, in addition to prolonged stays at home, may imply a radical change in lifestyle behavior and physical activity (PA). The aim of this study is to evaluate the physiological and psychological effects in cancer patients who changed their PA habits during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Spain. Methods: Thirty-three participants were evaluated pre- and post-state of emergency. A series of questionnaires was used to assess cancer-specific quality of life. Results : The most relevant results revealed significantly lower walking time (p < 0.001) and sitting time (p = 0.014). Upper and lower body strength also decreased significantly (p = 0.009 and 0.012, respectively) and oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) (p = 0.023). None of the parameters analysed showed significant differences for psychological aspects (QLQ-C-30 and SF-36) and body composition. Conclusion: Lower physical activity leads to negative physiological adaptation, particularly affecting cardiovascular and strength levels. While it is important to maintain the general population’s amount and intensity of exercise, this particularly vulnerable group’s physical capacity is vital to their health and well-being.Ítem Emotion processing by applying a fuzzy-based vader lexicon and a parallel deep belief network over massive data(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022-08-26) Es-sabery, Fatima; Es-sabery, Ibrahim; Hair, Abdellatif; Sainz de Abajo, Beatriz; García-Zapirain, BegoñaEmotion processing has been a very intense domain of investigation in data analysis and NLP during the previous few years. Currently, the algorithms of the deep neural networks have been applied for opinion mining tasks with good results. Among various neuronal models applied for opinion mining a deep belief network (DBN) model has gained more attention. In this proposal, we have developed a combined classifier based on fuzzy Vader lexicon and a parallel deep belief network for emotion analysis. We have implemented multiple pretreatment techniques to improve the quality and soundness of the data and eliminate disturbing data. Afterward, we have performed a semi-automatic dataset labeling using a combination of two different methods: Mamdani's fuzzy system and Vader lexicon. As well, we have applied four feature extractors, which are: GloVe, TFIDF (Trigram), TFIDF (Bigram), TFIDF (Unigram) with the aim of transforming each incoming tweet into a digital value vector. In addition, we have integrated three feature selectors, namely: The ANOVA method, the chi-square approach and the mutual information technique with the objective of selecting the most relevant features. Further, we have implemented the DBN as classifier for classifying each inputted tweet into three categories: neutral, positive or negative. At the end, we have deployed our proposed approach in parallel way employing both Hadoop and Spark framework with the purpose of overcoming the problem of long runtime of massive data. Furthermore, we have carried out a comparison between our newly suggested hybrid approach and alternative hybrid models available in the literature. From the experimental findings, it was found that our suggested vague parallel approach is more powerful than the baseline patterns in terms of false negative rate (1.33%), recall (99.75%), runtime (32.95s), convergence, stability, F1 score (99.53%), accuracy (98.96%), error rate (1.04%), kappa-Static (99.1%), complexity, false positive rate (0.25%), precision rate (97.59%) and specificity rate (98.67%). As a conclusion, our vague parallel approach outperforms baseline and deep learning models, as well as certain other approaches chosen from the literature.Ítem A global health model integrating psychological variables involved in cancer through a longitudinal study(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-07-28) Macía Guerrero, Patricia ; Gorbeña, Susana; Barranco, Mercedes ; Iglesias López, Nerea; Iraurgi Castillo, IosebaThe literature has shown the relevance of certain psychological variables in adjustment to cancer. However, there is a great variability, and these features could be modified through the disease process. The aim of this study is to provide an integrated and global perspective of the importance of variables such as coping, resilience, emotional control, social support, affect, and others in cancer patients through a longitudinal study, with the objective of exploring their associations and underlying interactions. The sample was composed of 71 people diagnosed with cancer who were attending psychological support at the Spanish Association Against Cancer (Biscay). We assessed the following variables in two periods of 6 months: perceived stress (PSS), emotional control (CECS), resilience (CD-RISC), coping strategies (CERQ), personality (NEOFFI), social support (MOSS), affect (PANAS), emotional distress (GHQ), quality of life (SF-12) and visual-analogic scales (EVA). Results: Results showed predictive effects of perceived stress on physical health perception (β = −0.22; t = −3.26; p = 0.002). Mental health perception was influenced by almost all the psychological variables. Consciousness at baseline (βCo = 0.15; p = 0.003), change in Extraversion (βEx = 0.16; p = 0.001) and Resilience (βRe = 0.15; p = 0.002) had significant effects on perceived mental health. This study provides a global health model that integrates and explores associations between psychological variables related to cancer disease. This information could be useful for guiding personalized psychotherapeutic interventions, with the aim of increasing adjustment to disease.Ítem Stereotactic body radiotherapy as a curative treatment for de novo mucosal carcinoma of the head and neck: a feasible alternative option for fragile patients with small lesion: a systematic review(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-05-31) Strojan, Primož; Kokalj, Marko; Plavc, Gaber; Ng, Sweet Ping; Nuyts, Sandra; Chiesa Estomba, Carlos Miguel; Eisbruch, Avraham; Bree, Remco de; Chow, James C. H.; Mäkitie, Antti A.; López Álvarez, Fernando; Saba, Nabil F.; Ferlito,AlfioStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is characterized by a high dose per fraction, well-defined small targets, superior dose conformity, and a steep off-target dose gradient. A literature search was conducted to examine the experience with SBRT as a curative treatment for newly diagnosed mucosal carcinoma of the head and neck (MCHN). Four retrospective case series and one prospective phase I clinical trial published between 2012 and 2020 described 124 patients. SBRT was mainly performed in older patients with different tumor sites. The median size of the planning target volumes ranged from 5.3 to 41 cm3. Different approaches were used to create margins. In two studies, limited elective nodal irradiation was performed. The equivalent doses used were 60–83.33 Gy delivered in five fractions. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the radiation dose specification. The incidence of grade ≥3 late toxicity was 0–8.3%, with local and regional control ranging from 73% to 100%. Improved or stable quality of life after SBRT was reported in two studies. Curative-intent SBRT for de novo MCHN appears to be an effective and relatively safe treatment for small tumor targets, preferably without concomitant elective tissue irradiation. Standardization of SBRT practice and well-designed prospective clinical trials are needed to better define the role of SBRT in this setting.Ítem Divorce and physical health: a three-level meta-analysis(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-05-21) Pellón Elexpuru, Inés; Dijk, Rianne van; Valk, Inge van der; Martínez Pampliega, Ana; Molleda Pedrueza ; Cormenzana, SusanaDivorce is often considered a major and stressful life transition. Given that divorcees are overrepresented in primary care and there is a association between individuals' physical health and psychological adjustment, potential post-divorce health problems are of concern. Yet, empirical evidence is lacking on the magnitude of the overall physical health risk after divorce, on possible differences across specific pathologies, and on factors that may increase or reduce this risk. The current meta-analysis addresses these issues. We identified 94 studies including u = 248 relevant effect sizes, based on N = 1,384,507 participants. Generally, compared to married individuals, divorcees showed significantly worse self-reported health (OR = 1.20, [1.08–1.33]), experienced more physical symptoms (OR = 1.34, [1.17–1.53]), and had a higher risk for diabetes (OR = 1.18 [1.05–1.33]), joint pathologies (OR = 1.24, [1.14–1.34]), cardiovascular (OR = 1.24, [1.09–1.41]) and cerebrovascular conditions (OR = 1.31, [1.14–1.51]), and sexually transmitted diseases (OR = 2.48, [1.32–4.64]). However, they had no increased risk of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cancer and cancer development, disabilities or limitations, or cognitive pathologies. Nor did divorcees significantly differ from married individuals when aggregating all pathologies to measure overall physical health problems (OR = 1.14, [0.85 to 1.54]). Yet, moderation analyses revealed that being female, unemployed, childless, or having a lower education constitutes a higher risk for overall physical health problems after divorce. The same applied to having a heavy alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, and being overweight. Our meta-analysis shows that divorcees are at heightened risk of certain pathologies, with sexually transmitted diseases as a particular post-divorce hazard. These findings call for more awareness among counsellors and physicians on divorcees’ health conditions and the characteristics that make divorcees even more vulnerable to health problems.Ítem Boundaries of life: attitudinal, value and political implications on euthanasia, abortion, reproduction and medical practices(Frontiers Media SA, 2024-05-02) Bartolomé Peral, Edurne; Dülmer, Hermann; Siegers, PascalÍtem Predictors of health-related quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: the impact of overlap between health-related quality of life and clinical measures(Springer Nature, 2022-07-16) Sanchez Luengos, Itsasne; Lucas Jiménez, Olaia; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia; Peña Lasa, Javier ; Gómez Esteban, Juan Carlos ; Gómez Beldarrain, María Ángeles ; Vázquez Picón, Raquel; Foncea Beti, Nerea; Ibarretxe Bilbao, NaroaThis study aimed to determine predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and to explore their predictive value before and after controlling overlapping items between HRQoL and clinical variables. One hundred and eight PD patients underwent motor, anxiety, depression, apathy, fatigue, and neurocognition assessment. HRQoL was assessed by the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39). In order to determine predictors of HRQoL in PD, stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed in two ways: before and after removing the emotional well-being dimension from PDQ-39 to control the overlap between depression and anxiety, and HRQoL. HRQoL total index was predicted by anxiety, fatigue, motor symptoms, and depression, explaining 26.9%, 7.2%, 2.8%, and 1.9% of the variance. However, after removing overlapping items, HRQoL total index was predicted by fatigue (16.5%), anxiety (6.1%), motor symptoms (3.9%), and neurocognition (2.5%), but not depression. Regarding HRQoL dimensions, mobility and activities of daily living were predicted by fatigue (19.7% and 5%) and UPDRS-III (4% and 10.2%); emotional well-being by fatigue (7.9%); social support by anxiety (12.2%) and UPDRS-III (8.6%); communication by neurocognition (5.3%) and UPDRS-III (3.4%); cognition by anxiety (10.6%) and bodily discomfort by anxiety (23%) and fatigue (4.1%). These findings showed the importance of identifying and controlling overlapping items of HRQoL and clinical measures to perform an accurate interpretation. HRQoL dimensions showed different predictors before and after controlling the overlap. Based on these results fatigue, anxiety, motor symptoms, and neurocognition, but not depression are the main predictors of HRQoL in PD patients.Ítem Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for addictive behaviors: a systematic review and meta-analysis(Elsevier Inc., 2024-05-08) Krotter Díaz, Andrea; Aonso Diego, Gema; González Menéndez, Ana; González Roz, Alba; Secades Villa, Roberto; García Pérez, ÁngelThe use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has expanded in the field of addictive disorders in recent years. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of ACT compared to other active interventions in terms of treatment completion, addiction-related outcomes, and changes in psychological flexibility. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Four random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to assess the effectiveness of ACT in terms of completion rates and abstinence at the end of treatment (EOT), in the short term (≤6 months follow-up), and in the long term (>6-month follow-up). Participants’ sex and age, the number of ACT sessions, the characteristics of the experimental condition (i.e., ACT combined with pharmacological intervention or non-combined) and the comparison condition (i.e., ACT compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy [CBT] or non-CBT interventions), treatment modality (face-to-face or technology-based approaches), and the targeted addictive behavior were examined as moderators. A total of 28 studies were included in the systematic review and 22 in the meta-analysis. There were no differences in EOT completion rates (Log RR = 0.0038; 95% CI: −0.026, 0.034). ACT increased the odds of abstinence at EOT (Log RR = 0.264; 95% CI: 0.046, 0.482) and at short-term follow-up (Log RR = 0.295; 95% CI: 0.108, 0.483), but not in the long term (Log RR = 0.164; 95% CI: −0.101, 0.430). ACT demonstrated higher abstinence rates than CBT conditions at EOT (p = 0.002). A lower age increased abstinence rates in the short (p = 0.004) and long term (p < 0.001), whereas a greater number of ACT sessions increased long-term abstinence rates (p < 0.001). ACT is an effective approach for promoting short-term abstinence. In the long term, it is at least as effective as other empirically validated therapies, such as CBT. Further studies are needed to clarify the effects of increasing psychological flexibility on addictive behaviors.Ítem Subjects are not all alike: eye-tracking the agent preference in Spanish(Public Library of Science, 2022-08-03) Gómez Vidal, Beatriz; Arantzeta Pérez, Miren; Laka Mugarza, Jon Paul; Laka Mugarza, ItziarExperimental research on argument structure has reported mixed results regarding the processing of unaccusative and unergative predicates. Using eye tracking in the visual world paradigm, this study seeks to fill a gap in the literature by presenting new evidence of the processing distinction between agent and theme subjects. We considered two hypotheses. First, the Unaccusative Hypothesis states that unaccusative (theme) subjects involve a more complex syntactic representation than unergative (agent) subjects. It predicts a delayed reactivation of unaccusative subjects compared to unergatives after the presentation of the verb. Second, the Agent First Hypothesis states that the first ambiguous NP of a sentence will preferably be interpreted as an agent due to an attentional preference to agents over themes. It predicts a larger reactivation of agent subjects than themes. We monitored the time course of gaze fixations of 44 native speakers across a visual display while processing sentences with unaccusative, unergative and transitive verbs. One of the pictures in the visual display was semantically related to the sentential subject. We analyzed fixation patterns in three different time frames: the verb frame, the post-verb frame, and the global post-verbal frame. Results indicated that sentential subjects across the three conditions were significantly activated when participants heard the verb; this is compatible with observing a post-verbal reactivation effect. Time course and magnitude of the gaze-fixation patterns are fully compatible with the predictions made by the Agent First Hypothesis. Thus, we report new evidence for (a) a processing distinction between unaccusative and unergative predicates in sentence comprehension, and (b) an attentional preference towards agents over themes, reflected by a larger reactivation effect in agent subjects.Ítem Topiramato: neurofarmacología y versatilidad clínica(Permanyer, 2022-06-20) Mínguez Olaondo, AneEl topiramato, clasificado como un monosacárido sustituido por sulfamato, es un fármaco en cuya ficha técnica consta la indicación en epilepsia y migraña, pero actualmente también se utiliza en otras cefaleas como la cefalea en racimos, SUNCT (Shortlasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing)-SUNA (Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial Autonomic symptoms), emicránea paroxística, neuralgia del nervio trigémino y cefalea secundaria a hipertensión intracraneal idiopática; dolor neuropático; trastornos del movimiento como temblor, tics y síndrome de Tourette; parasomnias; trastornos adictivos por consumo de alcohol u otras sustancias; trastornos alimentarios como bulimia y obesidad, entre otros; trastorno de estrés postraumático, trastorno bipolar y trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar el conocimiento y los usos clínicos de topiramato, tanto los incluidos en su ficha técnica como otros, y el nivel de evidencia de estos.