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Ítem Differences in the use of strength-based leadership among Spanish Armed Forces commissioned officers(Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid, 2025-04) Díez Ruiz, Fernando; Martínez Morán, Pedro César; Sánchez Isla, José Ramón; Igoa Iraola, Elene; Quevedo Torrientes, ElenaThis study investigates how strength-based leadership functions within the Spanish Armed Forces. Strength-based leadership is a model that emphasizes leveraging personal strengths to enhance leadership capabilities and organizational performance. The research aims to explore the influence of strength-based leadership in relation to branch, rank, and gender among Commissioned Officers in the Spanish Armed Forces. The study was conducted using a sample of Commissioned Officers from the Army, Navy, Air and Space Force, and Joint Corps, differentiated by rank and gender. The Strengths Leadership Questionnaire was used to measure the following dimensions: Implementer, Innovator, Motivator, Analytical, and Mediator. The main conclusions of this research indicate that there is a greater, though not statistically significant, application of strength-based leadership among members of the Army. No appreciable differences were observed regarding rank or gender among military leaders. The results highlight the importance of developing a leadership model that considers individual strengths, with potential for extending its application to other Spanish military units.Ítem Automated knee MR images segmentation of anterior cruciate ligament tears(MDPI, 2022-02-17) Awan, Mazhar Javed; Mohd Rahim, Mohd Shafry; Salim, Naomie; Rehman, Amjad; García-Zapirain, BegoñaThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the main stabilizer parts of the knee. ACL injury leads to causes of osteoarthritis risk. ACL rupture is common in the young athletic population. Accurate segmentation at an early stage can improve the analysis and classification of anterior cruciate ligaments tears. This study automatically segmented the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears from magnetic resonance imaging through deep learning. The knee mask was generated on the original Magnetic Resonance (MR) images to apply a semantic segmentation technique with convolutional neural network architecture U-Net. The proposed segmentation method was measured by accuracy, intersection over union (IoU), dice similarity coefficient (DSC), precision, recall and F1-score of 98.4%, 99.0%, 99.4%, 99.6%, 99.6% and 99.6% on 11451 training images, whereas on the validation images of 3817 was, respectively, 97.7%, 93.8%,96.8%, 96.5%, 97.3% and 96.9%. We also provide dice loss of training and test datasets that have remained 0.005 and 0.031, respectively. The experimental results show that the ACL segmentation on JPEG MRI images with U-Nets achieves accuracy that outperforms the human segmentation. The strategy has promising potential applications in medical image analytics for the segmentation of knee ACL tears for MR images.Ítem Measuring attitudes toward open adoption: Spanish validation of the open adoption scale(Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid, 2025-02) Berástegui Pedro-Viejo, Ana; Oliver Pece, Jesús; Corral, Susana; Pérez Testor, Carles; Calvo, Irene; Lorente-de-Sanz, Judith; Sanz, Mireia; Ryan, Scott D.Background: Open adoption is a kind of adoption in which some degree of communication is formalized between the biological family and the adopted child or adoptive family. The present study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the Open Adoption Scale, an instrument that assesses various negative attitudes toward open adoption. Method: The study involved 440 participants of both sexes who completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Open Adoption Scale. An exploratory factor analysis was performed with half of the sample and a confirmatory factor analysis with the other half. Results: High internal consistency indices were observed. Furthermore, an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis supported construct validity. Finally, the strong relationships observed between the scale and four myths about the absence of benefits of open adoption supported convergent validity. Conclusions: The results support using the Spanish version to assess attitudes toward open adoption. Assessing attitudes toward open adoption is essential to implementing it, selecting candidates, and evaluating training processes for technicians and families.Ítem Forenpsy: un banco estandarizado de testimonios ficticios de testigos para la investigación en psicología experimental y judicial(Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid, 2025-02) Álvarez, Mario; Martínez Pereña, Naroa; Agudo Díaz, Ujué; Matute, HelenaPara realizar experimentos controlados y replicables simulando juicios hemos creado ForenPsy, el primer banco de testimonios estandarizado y abierto en español. ForenPsy incluye nueve historias (tres de cada tipo de delito: homicidio, amenazas y allanamiento) con 14 testimonios cada una (siete de inocencia y siete de culpabilidad), lo que hace un total de 126. Trescientos participantes respondieron dos preguntas sobre cada testimonio: una sobre si el testimonio indicaba inocencia o culpabilidad, que muestra que el índice de acuerdo con el valor esperado fue .85, y otra sobre el grado de culpabilidad que atribuían a cada testimonio, que fue significativamente inferior para los testimonios de inocencia que para los de culpabilidad, lo que indica que los estímulos funcionaron adecuadamente. ForenPsy, así como las normas de los testimonios, está disponible en OSF y puede utilizarse y mejorarse de manera colaborativa para realizar experimentos replicables simulando contextos judiciales.Ítem Formación Profesional de Grado Superior examinando una vía inesperada de upskilling y reskilling para titulados universitarios STEM y no STEM en España(Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deporte, Secretaría General de Educación y Formación Profesional, Centro de Publicaciones, 2025-03-31) Diego Rodríguez, Iván; Gamboa Navarro, Juan Pablo; Mondaca Soto, Antonio; Moso Díez, MónicaEste artículo analiza el tipo de estrategias de aprendizaje de aquellos jóvenes que tras lograr una titulación universitaria optan por estudiar un ciclo formativo de Grado Superior de Formación Profesional en España. El objetivo es mostrar si esta decisión responde a una estrategia de actualización (upskilling) o de recapacitación (reskilling). La metodología utilizada es de carácter cuantitativo, fundamentada en la encuesta oficial española que estudia la inserción laboral de los jóvenes españoles con relación a los itinerarios seguidos dentro del sistema educativo y las transiciones entre el estudio y el trabajo (ETEFIL-19). Primero, se determina la magnitud de este fenómeno y se caracteriza el perfil de las personas que protagonizan esta transición. Segundo, se analiza la relación entre la rama de estudio de procedencia y la familia profesional de destino. Tercero, se estudia la utilidad percibida en clave de empleabilidad. Los resultados revelan que esta trayectoria se desarrolla mayoritariamente por mujeres y que la decisión se toma años después de finalizar sus estudios universitarios. La relación entre la rama de estudios previos y la familia del ciclo cursado es positiva y estadísticamente significativa, por lo que su decisión se toma principalmente en función a una estrategia de upskilling, más que de un cambio de carrera. Asimismo, perciben que su titulación de FP les ha resultado útil para encontrar empleo. Finalmente, se consideran las implicaciones en el ámbito de la política y de la práctica, a la vez que se plantean las limitaciones de este estudio y la necesidad de futuras líneas de investigación.Ítem Automatic segmentation and melanoma detection based on color and texture features in dermoscopic images( John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2022-03) Oukil, Samia; Kasmi, Reda; Mokrani, Karim; García-Zapirain, BegoñaMelanoma is known as the most aggressive form of skin cancer and one of the fastest growing malignant tumors worldwide. Several computer-aided diagnosis systems for melanoma have been proposed, still, the algorithms encounter difficulties in the early stage of lesions. This paper aims to discriminate melanoma and benign skin lesion in dermoscopic images. The proposed algorithm is based on the color and texture of skin lesions by introducing a novel feature extraction technique. The algorithm uses an automatic segmentation based on k-means generating a fairly accurate mask for each lesion. The feature extraction consists of the existing and novel color and texture attributes measuring how color and texture vary inside the lesion. To find the optimal results, all the attributes are extracted from lesions in five different color spaces (RGB, HSV, Lab, XYZ, and YCbCr) and used as the inputs for three classifiers (K nearest neighbors, support vector machine , and artificial neural network). The PH2 set is used to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results of our algorithm are compared to the results of published articles that used the same dataset, and it shows that the proposed method outperforms the state of the art by attaining a sensitivity of 99.25%, specificity of 99.58%, and accuracy of 99.51%. The final results show that the colors combined with texture are powerful and relevant attributes for melanoma detection and show improvement over the state of the art.Ítem Predictores y motivos de abandono en carreras por montaña de larga distancia(Generalidad de Cataluña = Generalitat de Catalunya, Instituto Nacional d'Educació Fisica de Catalunya, 2025-01-01) Puigarnau, Sílvia; Guinovart, Neus; Urquijo Cela, Itziar; Alcaraz García, SaülExiste un creciente interés en la participación en carreras por montaña de larga distancia. Para la superación de dichas pruebas, se deben tener en cuenta diferentes factores, no solo fisiológicos, sino también mentales y estratégicos. Tener que gestionar tantos factores posiblemente explica los altos porcentajes de abandono. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar los predictores del abandono en las carreras por montaña de larga distancia y conocer los motivos de abandono de los participantes en las modalidades de la Ultratrail de Canfranc-Canfranc (2023) y Val d’Aran by UTMB (2023). El porcentaje de abandono entre los participantes fue del 32.7 %. Los predictores resultantes fueron tener malas sensaciones previas a la carrera y competir en la distancia más larga. Al analizar los motivos de abandono, los principales fueron la meteorología adversa, la aparición de fatiga imposibilitante, las lesiones durante la carrera, otros factores vinculados al rendimiento y las enfermedades y malestar estomacal. Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de la preservación de la salud como un aspecto fundamental del abandono en las carreras por montaña de larga distancia.Ítem A deep learning-based diagnosis system for COVID-19 detection and pneumonia screening using CT imaging(MDPI, 2022-05-10) Mahmoudi, Ramzi; Benameur, Narjes ; Mabrouk, Rania; Mohammed, Mazin Abed; García-Zapirain, Begoña; Bedoui, Mohamed HédiSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global threat impacting the lives of millions of people worldwide. Automated detection of lung infections from Computed Tomography scans represents an excellent alternative; however, segmenting infected regions from CT slices encounters many challenges. Developing a diagnosis system based on deep learning techniques to detect and quantify COVID-19 infection and pneumonia screening using CT imaging. Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization pre-processing method was used to remove the noise and intensity in homogeneity. Black slices were also removed to crop only the region of interest containing the lungs. A U-net architecture, based on CNN encoder and CNN decoder approaches, is then introduced for a fast and precise image segmentation to obtain the lung and infection segmentation models. For better estimation of skill on unseen data, a fourfold cross-validation as a resampling procedure has been used. A three-layered CNN architecture, with additional fully connected layers followed by a Softmax layer, was used for classification. Lung and infection volumes have been reconstructed to allow volume ratio computing and obtain infection rate. Starting with the 20 CT scan cases, data has been divided into 70% for the training dataset and 30% for the validation dataset. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed system achieves a dice score of 0.98 and 0.91 for the lung and infection segmentation tasks, respectively, and an accuracy of 0.98 for the classification task. The proposed workflow aimed at obtaining good performances for the different system’s components, and at the same time, dealing with reduced datasets used for training.Ítem A novel fuzzy parameterized fuzzy hypersoft set and riesz summability approach based decision support system for diagnosis of heart diseases(MDPI, 2022-06-22) Rahman, Atiqe Ur; Saeed, Muhammad ; Mohammed, Mazin Abed; Jaber, Mustafa Musa; García-Zapirain, BegoñaFuzzy parameterized fuzzy hypersoft set (∆-set) is more flexible and reliable model as it is capable of tackling features such as the assortment of attributes into their relevant subattributes and the determination of vague nature of parameters and their subparametric-valued tuples by employing the concept of fuzzy parameterization and multiargument approximations, respectively. The existing literature on medical diagnosis paid no attention to such features. Riesz Summability (a classical concept of mathematical analysis) is meant to cope with the sequential nature of data. This study aims to integrate these features collectively by using the concepts of fuzzy parameterized fuzzy hypersoft set (∆-set) and Riesz Summability. After investigating some properties and aggregations of ∆-set, two novel decision-support algorithms are proposed for medical diagnostic decision-making by using the aggregations of ∆-set and Riesz mean technique. These algorithms are then validated using a case study based on real attributes and subattributes of the Cleveland dataset for heart-ailments-based diagnosis. The real values of attributes and subattributes are transformed into fuzzy values by using appropriate transformation criteria. It is proved that both algorithms yield the same and reliable results while considering hypersoft settings. In order to judge flexibility and reliability, the preferential aspects of the proposed study are assessed by its structural comparison with some related pre-developed structures. The proposed approach ensures that reliable results can be obtained by taking a smaller number of evaluating traits and their related subvalues-based tuples for the diagnosis of heart-related ailments.Ítem Las cooperativas como herramienta para la transición ecológica justa en la España rural las comunidades energéticas(Universidad de Deusto = Deustuko Unibertsitatea, Asociación Internacional de Derecho Cooperativo, 2025-03-29) Martínez Martínez, IreneLas comunidades energéticas surgen como iniciativas colectivas cuyo objeto es la producción de energía renovable a partir de la participación de los ciudadanos. Su configuración como entidades cooperativas las convierte en un instrumento idóneo para contribuir a la transición justa, incidiendo positivamente en materia tanto ecológica como social. Estas entidades tienen un gran potencial para actuar como estímulo social específicamente en las zonas rurales, a través de la creación directa e indirecta de actividad económica y, en consecuencia, de empleos verdes a la vez que contribuyen a la sostenibilidad ambiental. Aunque el legislador parece consciente de ello, sigue siendo necesario abordar las barreras que las iniciativas colectivas de economía social pueden encontrar en un mercado como el energético.Ítem La transformación de las relaciones comerciales en las agencias de viajes(Servizo de Publicacións, Universidade da Coruña, 2021-02-01) Pastor Ruiz, Ricardo; Fernández-Villarán Ara, AsunciónLas agencias de viajes tradicionales han sido el canal de distribución principal en la intermediación turística. Un área estática durante años, que se ha modificado radicalmente debido al aumento del uso de internet y la revolución móvil, y que ha evolucionado hacia una reintermediación o hipermediación. Se puede afirmar que vivimos en un nuevo escenario de la intermediación turística y que sigue evolucionando y cambiando de manera muy rápida, aunque manteniendo los actores principales. Este trabajo se centra en las estrategias y modelos de actuación de las agencias de viajes minoristas físicas en España ante el nuevo escenario. Por medio de diferentes encuestas y entrevistas a proveedores y agentes de viajes, se analizan las relaciones entre ambos, así como los nuevos hábitos de comportamiento entre las dos partes de un sector en el que, hasta ahora, participaban de manera absolutamente coordinada en todas las acciones que se proponían.Ítem Implementing exercise in standard cancer care (bizi orain hybrid exercise program): protocol for a randomized controlled trial(JMIR Publications Inc., 2021-08-01) Arietaleanizbeaskoa, María Soledad; Gil Rey, Erreka ; Mendizabal Gallastegui, Nere ; García Álvarez, Arturo ; de la Fuente, Ibon; Domínguez Martínez, Silvia; Pablo, Susana; Coca Núñez, Aitor; Gutiérrez Santamaría, Borja; Grandes Odriozola, GonzaloBackground: Despite the established benefits of regular exercise for patients with cancer to counteract the deleterious effects of the disease itself and treatment-related adverse effects, most of them do not engage in sufficient levels of physical activity and there is a paucity of data on the integration of efficacious exercise programs that are accessible and generalizable to a large proportion of patients with cancer into routine cancer care. Objective: We intend to examine the effects attributable to the implementation of a community-based exercise program on cardiorespiratory functional capacity and quality of life for patients with cancer. Methods: This will be a hybrid study. In the first experimental phase, patients diagnosed with any type of cancer will be randomized into two parallel groups. One group immediately performs Bizi Orain, a 3-month supervised exercise program (3 times a week), in addition to behavioral counseling in a primary health care setting; the other is a reference group that starts the exercise program 3 months later (delayed treatment). In the second observational phase, the entire cohort of participants will be followed-up for 5 years. Any person diagnosed with cancer in the previous 2 years is eligible for the program. The program evaluation involves the uptake, safety, adherence, and effectiveness assessed after completion of the program and with follow-ups at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. The primary outcomes of the experimental study, to be compared between groups, are improved physical function and quality of life, whereas overall survival is the main objective of the prospective study. To analyze the association between changes in physical activity levels and overall survival, longitudinal mixed-effects models will be used for repeated follow-up measures. Results: A total of 265 patients have been enrolled into the study since January 2019, with 42 patients from the hematology service and 223 from the oncology service. Conclusions: Bizi Orain is the first population-based exercise program in Spain that will offer more insight into the implementation of feasible, generalizable, and sustainable supportive care services involving structured exercise to extend survival of patients with cancer, improve their physical function and quality of life, and reverse the adverse effects of their disease and related treatments, thereby reducing the clinical burden.Ítem COVID-19 in gastroenterology: where are we now?: current evidence on the impact of COVID-19 in gastroenterology(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021-06-30) Magro, Fernando; Nuzzo, Alexandre; Abreu, Cândida; Libânio, Diogo; Rodríguez Lago, Iago ; Pawlak, Katarzyna; Hollenbach, Marcus; Brouwer, Willem P.; Siau, KengBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges in all fields of society with social, economic, and health-related consequences worldwide. In this context, gastroenterology patients and healthcare systems and professionals have seen their routines changed and were forced to adapt, adopting measures to minimize the risk of infection while guaranteeing continuous medical care to chronic patients. Objective: At this point, it is important to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on this field to further improve the quality of the services provided in this context. Methods/Results/Conclusion: We performed a literature review that summarizes the main aspects to consider in gastroenterology, during the pandemic crisis, and includes a deep discussion on the main changes affecting gastroenterology patients and healthcare systems, anticipating the pandemic recovery scenario with future practices and policies.Ítem Biofeedback applied to interactive serious games to monitor frailty in an elderly population(MDPI AG, 2021-04-14) Shapoval, Serhii ; García-Zapirain, Begoña ; Méndez Zorrilla, Amaia; Mugueta Aguinaga, IranzuThis article proposes an example of a multiplatform interactive serious game, which is an additional tool and assistant used in the rehabilitation of patients with musculoskeletal system problems. In medicine, any actions and procedures aimed at helping the rehabilitation of patients should entail the most comfortable, but at the same time, effective approach. Regardless of how these actions are orientated, whether for rehabilitation following surgery, fractures, any problems with the musculoskeletal system, or just support for the elderly, rehabilitation methods undoubtedly have good goals, although often the process itself can cause all kinds of discomfort and aversion among patients. This paper presents an interactive platform which enables a slightly different approach to be applied in terms of routine rehabilitation activities and this will help make the process more exciting. The main feature of the system is that it works in several ways: for normal everyday use at home, or for more in-depth observation of various biological parameters, such as heart rate, temperature, and so on. The basic component of the system is the real-time tracking system of the body position, which constitutes both a way to control the game (controller) and a means to analyze the player’s activity. As for the closer control of rehabilitation, the platform also provides the opportunity for medical personnel to monitor the player in real time, with all the data obtained from the game being used for subsequent analysis and comparison. Following several laboratory tests and feedback analysis, the progress indicators are quite encouraging in terms of greater patient interest in this kind of interaction, and effectiveness of the developed platform is also on average about 30–50% compared to conventional exercises, which makes it more attractive in terms of patient support.Ítem Contributions of sex, depression, and cognition on brain connectivity dynamics in Parkinson’s disease(Nature Research, 2021-12-16) Díez Cirarda, María ; Gabilondo Cuellar, Iñigo; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Gómez Esteban, Juan Carlos; Kim, Jinhee; Lucas Jiménez, Olaia; Pino, Rocío del; Peña Lasa, Javier ; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia ; Mihaescu, Alexander; Valli, Mikaeel; Acera Gil, María Ángeles ; Cabrera Zubizarreta, Alberto ; Gómez Beldarrain, María Ángeles ; Strafella, Antonio P.Alterations in time-varying functional connectivity (FC) have been found in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. To date, very little is known about the influence of sex on brain FC in PD patients and how this could be related to disease severity. The first objective was to evaluate the influence of sex on dynamic FC characteristics in PD patients and healthy controls (HC), while the second aim was to investigate the temporal patterns of dynamic connectivity related to PD motor and non-motor symptoms. Ninety-nine PD patients and sixty-two HC underwent a neuropsychological and clinical assessment. Rs-fMRI and T1-weighted MRI were also acquired. Dynamic FC analyses were performed in the GIFT toolbox. Dynamic FC analyses identified two States: State I, characterized by within-network positive coupling; and State II that showed between-network connectivity, mostly involving somatomotor and visual networks. Sex differences were found in dynamic indexes in HC but these differences were not observed in PD. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified three phenotypically distinct PD subgroups: (1) Subgroup A was characterized by mild motor symptoms; (2) Subgroup B was characterized by depressive and motor symptoms; (3) Subgroup C was characterized by cognitive and motor symptoms. Results revealed that changes in the temporal properties of connectivity were related to the motor/non-motor outcomes of PD severity. Findings suggest that while in HC sex differences may play a certain role in dynamic connectivity patterns, in PD patients, these effects may be overcome by the neurodegenerative process. Changes in the temporal properties of connectivity in PD were mainly related to the clinical markers of PD severity.Ítem Resilience and coping strategies in relation to mental health outcomes in people with cancer(Public Library of Science, 2021-05-24) Macía Guerrero, Patricia ; Barranco, Mercedes ; Gorbeña, Susana; Álvarez Fuentes, Esther; Iraurgi Castillo, IosebaConsidering the importance of psychological variables on health-related processes, this study investigated the role of resilience and coping strategies in relation to health. The aim of this research was to explore the underlying association between these aspects for the better understanding of the effect of psychosocial variables on mental health in cancer. This information could lead to the design of adapted psychological interventions in cancer. Participants with different diagnosis of cancer were recruited (N = 170). They came from the Spanish Association Against Cancer of Biscay. Resilience was measured with the 10 items Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, coping with the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and mental health was measured as a global indicator through the SF-12 and the GHQ-12. A structural equation model (SEM) was conducted to test the effects between the constructs. Results showed that resilience and coping were significantly associated. Results reflected an absence of significant correlation between adaptive and disadaptive coping strategies. Resilience was the factor that most correlated with health outcomes (β = –.45, p < .001). However, disadaptive coping strategies did not correlate with resilience or mental health indicators. Findings in this study underscore the positive contribution of high levels of resilience and an adaptive coping on participants´ level of health. Disadaptive coping strategies did not reflect any positive relation with resilience or health indicators. Thus, promoting resilience and adaptive coping could be a significant goal for psychosocial and educational interventions in people with cancer.Ítem Design and evaluation of a positive intervention to cultivate mental health: preliminary findings(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021-02-24) Gorbeña, Susana; Govillard Garmendia, Leila ; Gómez Marroquín, Ignacio; Sarrionandia Vadillo, Sare; Macía Guerrero, Patricia ; Penas, Patricia; Iraurgi Castillo, IosebaThe past two decades have witnessed a proliferation of positive psychological interventions for clinical and non-clinical populations, and recent research, including meta-analyses, is providing evidence of its effectiveness. Most interventions have focused on increasing life satisfaction, positive affect, and psychological well-being. Manualized, multi-component interventions based on a comprehensive theory are scarce. Keyes’ concept of mental health and flourishing (subjective, psychological, and social well-being) is an overarching theoretical framework to guide the design of a multi-component psychological intervention to cultivate well-being and personal development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a theory-driven positive intervention and to pilot test the intervention. The manual presents an 8-week group program that includes homework activities. A sample of 56 young adults completed the intervention. Participants were assessed at base line, after termination, and at a 6-month follow-up session. Standardized instruments were used to assess the dimensions of mental health proposed by Keyes. Pre- and post-test measures of subjective, psychological, and social well-being showed significant differences, as did the total mental health scores. At 6-month follow-up, differences remained in subjective and psychological well-being and in positive mental health, with smaller effect sizes. Limitations of these preliminary findings as well as future lines of research and improvements in this manualized intervention are proposed in the light of current research on positive interventions.Ítem Promoting time management and self-efficacy through digital competence in university students: a mediational model(Anadolu University, Faculty of Communication Sciences, 2021-01-20) Galindo Domínguez, Héctor; Bezanilla, María JoséIt is though that those students who better manage their time and perceive themselves to be more effective in the tasks they perform are thought to be due, in part, to a stronger understanding and command of digital competence. This competence allows students to know and use a greater number of tools and techniques to respond to the problems that arise in their academic career, favouring the reduction of perceived stress. To test this hypothesis, a total of 200 students from different degrees of Education and universities participated in the study, who answered the Digital Competence Questionnaire in University Students, the Spanish version of Time Management Behaviour Questionnaire, the Scale of Perceived Self-efficacy in academic situations, and the Scale of Global Perception of Stress. The results show how the starting hypothesis is fulfilled in that time management and academic self-efficacy function as mediators between digital competence and types of positive or negative stressors. Finally, these findings implications are discussed.Ítem Motivation behind running among older adult runners(BioMed Central Ltd, 2021-10-29) León Guereño, Patxi; Galindo Domínguez, Héctor ; Balerdi Eizmendi, Eneko ; Rozmiarek, Mateusz ; Malchrowicz Mośko, EwaBackground: Recreational running has greatly increased over the last decade, and different research has tried to understand the motivation that leads these amateur athletes to run. However, most research has focused on adult athletes, while the motivation behind older adult athletes has been overlooked. Methods: The aim of this research was to analyse the motivational aspects of amateur runners aged over 50 years, and to consider the influence that years of practice, type of participation and some socio-demographical variables have on these older adults’ motivation behind running. 244 older adult amateur athletes in total completed an online survey with the 56 items contained in the motivation of marathoners scales (MOMS), 108 of whom were female (44%), and 136 were male runners (56%). Athletes were asked about their years’ running experience (< 1 year, 1–5 years, 6–10 years, > 10 years), their participation in running events (recreationally, half marathon, marathon, ultramarathon) and age (ranges 50–60, more than 60 years), gender (male, female), family life (whether in a relationship or not), and whether they had children (yes, no). Results: The results showed statistical differences in the nine MOMS dimensions in terms of years’ running experience and participation in different running events. Moreover, older adult runners’ gender and age subsequently showed statistical differences with five and six motivational factors respectively, while athletes that did not have children were more likely to run regarding competition and showing recognition. Family life did not show any statistical association with any of the dimensions on the scale in this population, while regression analyses showed that, mainly, years’ running experience and participation were positively predicted, together with most motivational dimensions, while having children was negatively predicted in some of them. Conclusions: This study showed that older adult runners’ reasons for participating differ from those obtained in previous studies, especially regarding training experience and participation in events. Therefore, the older adult population should be specifically addressed.Ítem The importance of personality and self-efficacy for stress management in higher education(Hipatia Editorial, 2021-10-24) Galindo Domínguez, Héctor ; Bezanilla, María JoséThe psychological implications of stress have become an issue of concern for university students around the world over the past decade. It is thought that the perception of stress varies depending on students' personality traits and their beliefs about being able to manage their academic life. To investigate this further, a study was conducted with a sample of 200 university students. The main findings of this study were: (1) All of the Big Five Model of personality traits significantly contribute to developing positive academic self-efficacy, with some of these being moderated by gender. Self-efficacy is characterised by agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, emotionally stability and openness to experience. (2) People with high academic self-efficacy are able to take advantage of eustress and manage distress better than people with low academic self-efficacy. (3) There are some personality traits that contribute to distress and eustress. Specifically, people who are introverted and have low emotional stability and low openness to experience tend to suffer from distress more than people who do not have these traits. In contrast, conscientious people tend to experience eustress more than people without these characteristics. All these traits were mediated by self-efficacy, and in some cases were moderated by gender.