Understanding the relationship between time spent outdoors, mental well-being and health-related behaviours in a Spanish sample: a real time smartphone-based study

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dc.contributor.authorCatalán, Ana
dc.contributor.authorTognin, Stefania
dc.contributor.authorHammoud, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorAymerich, Claudia
dc.contributor.authorPedruzo, Borja
dc.contributor.authorBilbao González, Amaia
dc.contributor.authorSalazar de Pablo, Gonzalo
dc.contributor.authorPacho, Malein
dc.contributor.authorFusar Poli, Paolo
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Torres, Miguel Ángel
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-05T16:02:54Z
dc.date.available2025-06-05T16:02:54Z
dc.date.issued2023-11
dc.date.updated2025-06-05T16:02:54Z
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: COVID-19 pandemic has affected our lifestyle and physical and mental well-being. We aimed to study the effect of being outdoors and mental well-being after the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: We used smartphone based ecological momentary assessments (EMA) (Urban Mind app) to study the mental well-being of the Spanish general population. We collected socio-demographic data, past and current physical and mental health, and social and physical environment. Participants were recruited during 5 months (February to June 2021). Longitudinal associations between EMA and anxiety, depression, loneliness, tiredness, and happiness during the assessments were investigated using random intercept ordinal logistic regression models. Results: 274 subjects downloaded the app and completed the baseline assessment. 66 participants completed at least 50 % of the assessments. Being outdoors was related to a lower likelihood of anxiety (OR: 0.48, 95 %CI 0.34–0.66), depression (OR: 0.40, 95 %CI 0.28–0.56), tiredness (OR: 0.47, 95 %CI 0.35–0.63), and loneliness (OR: 0.59, 95 %CI 0.42–0.84), and a higher likelihood of happiness (OR: 2.14, 95 %CI 1.57–2.93). Conclusions: Being outdoors is related to better mental health in the general population independently of other factors (baseline mental well-being or socio-demographic characteristics). Public policies should include measurements to promote outdoor spaces in urban settings.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research received funding from the OSI Bilbao Basurto Research Commissionen
dc.identifier.citationCatalan, A., Tognin, S., Hammoud, R., Aymerich, C., Pedruzo, B., Bilbao-Gonzalez, A., Salazar de Pablo, G., Pacho, M., Fusar-Poli, P., & Gonzalez-Torres, M. Á. (2023). Understanding the relationship between time spent outdoors, mental well-being and health-related behaviours in a Spanish sample: a real time smartphone-based study. Psychiatry Research, 329. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2023.115494
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2023.115494
dc.identifier.eissn1872-7123
dc.identifier.issn0165-1781
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/2948
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier Ireland Ltd
dc.rights© 2023 The Author(s)
dc.subject.otherAnxiety
dc.subject.otherCOVID-19
dc.subject.otherDepression
dc.subject.otherMental well-being
dc.subject.otherOutdoors
dc.titleUnderstanding the relationship between time spent outdoors, mental well-being and health-related behaviours in a Spanish sample: a real time smartphone-based studyen
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.accessRightsopen access
oaire.citation.titlePsychiatry Research
oaire.citation.volume329
oaire.licenseConditionhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
oaire.versionVoR
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