Calculating the carbon footprint of urban tourism destinations: a methodological approach based on tourists’ spatiotemporal behaviour

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dc.contributor.authorPousa Unanue, Aitziber
dc.contributor.authorAlzua Sorzabal, Aurkene
dc.contributor.authorÁlvarez Fernández, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorDelgado Jiménez, Alexandra
dc.contributor.authorFemenia Serra, Francisco
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-30T12:20:46Z
dc.date.available2025-04-30T12:20:46Z
dc.date.issued2025-03
dc.date.updated2025-04-30T12:20:45Z
dc.description.abstractThis study investigates the influence of urban tourists’ behaviour on the environmental performance of a destination, particularly in terms of carbon emissions. Tourist-related emissions are shaped by their choices and behaviours, impacting the overall carbon footprint of the locations they visit. To assess this impact, we introduce a methodology for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions linked to tourists’ energy consumption. This approach considers key tourism components—activities, accommodation, and transportation—analysing their roles in emissions across a trip’s temporal and spatial dimensions. By integrating tourists’ spatiotemporal behaviour with emissions data, our framework offers insights that can support local climate-responsive urban and tourism policies. We empirically apply the proposed model to the destination of Donostia/San Sebastián (Spain), where the primary travel sequences of visitors are analysed. We utilise cartographic techniques to map the environmental footprints of different tourist profiles, such as cultural and nature tourists. The findings indicate that visitors primarily motivated by nature and outdoor recreation constitute the segment with the highest greenhouse gas emissions (with a minimum footprint of 30.69 kg CO2-equivalent per trip), followed by cultural tourists, and finally, other categories of visitors. The results highlight the practical applications of the proposed model for sustainable tourism management, providing valuable guidance for urban planners and policymakers in mitigating the environmental impacts of tourismen
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union’s “Next Generation EU/PRTR”, under grant PID2021-127893OB-I00; and MINTUR and by the European Union’s “Next Generation EU/PRTR” under grant TUR-RETOS2022-016en
dc.identifier.citationPousa-Unanue, A., Alzua-Sorzabal, A., Álvarez-Fernández, R., Delgado-Jiménez, A., & Femenia-Serra, F. (2025). Calculating the carbon footprint of urban tourism destinations: a methodological approach based on tourists’ spatiotemporal behaviour. Land, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/LAND14030534
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/LAND14030534
dc.identifier.eissn2073-445X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/2642
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.rights© 2025 by the authors
dc.subject.otherCarbon footprint
dc.subject.otherClimate change
dc.subject.otherDonostia/San Sebastián
dc.subject.otherGreenhouse gas emissions
dc.subject.otherUrban tourism destinations
dc.titleCalculating the carbon footprint of urban tourism destinations: a methodological approach based on tourists’ spatiotemporal behaviouren
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.accessRightsopen access
oaire.citation.issue3
oaire.citation.titleLand
oaire.citation.volume14
oaire.licenseConditionhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
oaire.versionVoR
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