Examinando por Autor "Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane"

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    Análisis de los parámetros de rendimiento del remo de traineras: una revisión sistemática
    (Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF), 2023) Larrinaga García, Beñat; León Guereño, Patxi; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Coca Núñez, Aitor
    Objetivo: recopilar la información científica relacionada con parámetros fisiológicos, biomecánicos, antropométricos y de entrenamiento del deporte de traineras, comparar las investigaciones científicas que hay entre géneros y clasificar por temáticas la información. Métodos: Estudio de tipo revisión sistemática, en el cual se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en seis bases de datos (PudMed Central, PudMed, Web of Science, Scopus, DialnetPlus y Google Scholar). Después de analizar los estudios logrados con la ecuación de búsqueda, fue preciso considerar su utilidad y relevancia con respecto a la revisión. Resultados: tras el cribado y la evaluación metodológica correspondiente, 21 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados, muestran los artículos dirigidos a diferentes temáticas como fisiología, biomecánica, parámetros antropológicos y otras temáticas relacionadas con el rendimiento. El análisis de los participantes de los estudios muestra que dos de los estudios han tenido en cuenta en la participación deportistas femeninas. Conclusión: La literatura existente muestra el gran potencial de esta actividad para mejorar parámetros de capacidad condicionales de rendimiento. A su vez, la comparación de la muestra entre géneros afirma la escasa investigación que hay sobre el remo de traineras femenino y se detecta una carencia de los estudios de campo y situaciones de competición
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    Análisis del efecto de la pretemporada en los parámetros morfológicos y fisiológicos en remo tradicional femenino. Traineras
    (Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Licenciados en Educación Física y en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte de España, 2024) Larrinaga García, Beñat; Santisteban Leguina, Aitor; Catañeda Babarro, Arkaitz; Coca Núñez, Aitor; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane
    Este estudio descriptivo tiene como objetivo dual el establecer valores específicos inéditos en la modalidad de traineras y, por otro lado, examinar los cambios morfológicos y fisiológicos durante la pretemporada en remeras mediante una valoración pre-post. Participaron 22 remeras de remo tradicional con una edad de 24,69 ± 4,26 años y una experiencia de 5,73 ± 4,55, sometiéndose a pruebas de composición corporal y de ergometría en dos momentos, de la pretemporada, la evaluación denominada “pre” se realizó a mediados de enero, durante el periodo preparatorio de la pretemporada y tras un entrenamiento controlado de 19 semanas se realizó la medición denomina “post” justo antes del inicio del periodo competitivo. Tras la valoración pre-post, se mostró que el entrenamiento físico aplicado durante la pretemporada mediante el programa combinado de resistencia aeróbica y entrenamiento de la fuerza es efectivo para obtener cambios significativos (p < 0,05) pen la composición corporal con bajada de la masa grasa de 14,40 ± 4,49 a 13,40 ± 3,41 y aumentando el porcentaje de masa muscular de 42,90% a 43,70%. A su vez, las mejoras en parámetros fisiológicos reflejaron un aumento en la potencia máxima de 341W a 368W, Potencia aeróbica máxima de 170W a 186 W así como en su valor relativo y la mejora significativa de los umbrales VT1, VT2 y Dmax con una mejora de 10W, 10W y 7W respectivamente, sin llegar a mejorar el VO2máx. Considerando los valores analizados, al realizar las evaluaciones pre-post se proporciona información valiosa para atletas, entrenadores y científicos del deporte
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    Determinants of study completion and response to a 12-month behavioral physical activity intervention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cohort study
    (Public Library of Science, 2019-05-20) Koreny, Maria; Demeyer, Heleen; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Gimeno Santos, Elena; Barberán García, Anael; Benet, Marta; Balcells, Eva; Borrell, Eulàlia; Marín, Alicia; Rodríguez Chiaradía, Diego A.; Vall Casas, Pere; Vilaró, Jordi; Rodríguez Roisin, Robert; García Aymerich, Judith
    Objectives Physical activity is key to improve the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To help to tailor future interventions we aimed to identify the baseline characteristics of COPD patients which predict 12-month completion and response to a behavioral physical activity intervention. Methods This is a 12-month cohort study of the intervention arm of the Urban Training randomized controlled trial (NCT01897298), an intervention proven to be efficacious to increase physical activity. We considered baseline sociodemographic, interpersonal, environmental, clinical and psychological characteristics as potential determinants of completion and response. We defined completion as attending the 12-month study visit. Among completers, we defined response as increasing physical activity ≥1100 steps/day from baseline to 12 months, measured by accelerometer. We estimated the factors independently for completion and response using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Of a total of 202 patients (m (SD) 69 (9) years, 84% male), 132 (65%) completed the study. Among those, 37 (28%) qualified as responders. Higher numbers of baseline steps/day (OR [95% CI] 1.11 [1.02-1.21] per increase of 1000 steps, p<0.05) and living with a partner (2.77 [1.41-5.48], p<0.01) were related to a higher probability of completion while more neighborhood vulnerability (0.70 [0.57-0.86] per increase of 0.1 units in urban vulnerability index, p<0.01) was related to a lower probability. Among the completers, working (3.14 [1.05-9.33], p<0.05) and having an endocrino-metabolic disease (4.36 [1.49-12.80], p<0.01) were related to a higher probability of response while unwillingness to follow the intervention (0.21 [0.05-0.98], p<0.05) was related to a lower probability. Conclusions This study found that 12-month completion of a behavioral physical activity intervention was generally determined by previous physical activity habits as well as interpersonal and environmental physical activity facilitators while response was related to diverse factors thought to modify the individual motivation to change to an active lifestyle.
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    Diferencias antropométricas y potencia aeróbica máxima entre hombres y mujeres en el remo de traineras
    (Federación Española de Medicina del Deporte, 2023) Larrinaga García, Beñat; Río de Frutos, Xabier; Coca Núñez, Aitor; Rodríguez Alonso, Manuel; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane
    En el remo de traineras se han observado diferencias antropométricas, mecánicas y de rendimiento entre remeros de un mismo club que competían en distintas categorías. La potencia aeróbica máxima se ha definido como uno de los mejores predictores del rendimiento en el remo. El objetivo fue observar diferencias entre de remeros y remeras en datos antropométricos, fisiológicos y de potencia aeróbica. Se evaluó el peso (P), la talla (T), el porcentaje graso (G), el sumatorio de siete pliegues (S7) y los vatios (W) absolutos y relativos (W/kg) de 55 sujetos. De los 55 sujetos, 38 fueron hombres (26,95 ±7,0 años) y 17 mujeres (24,82 años ±6,8). Para calcular el tamaño del efecto como diferencia de medias estandarizadas se utilizó la d de Cohen. En los resultados, se obtuvieron medias muestrales en las variables analizadas en los diferentes sexos (M: mujeres y H: hombres). Para H: [P: 77,25 (9,41) – T: 1,80 (0,07) – G: 12,77 (3,04) – S7: 72,23 (28,20) – W: 273,6 (52,88) – W/kg: 3,57 (0,67)] y para M: [P:61,79 (6,85 - T: 1,67 (0,07) – G: 14,44 (2,47)- S7: 103,83 (28,64) – W: 171,35 (29,19) – W/kg: 2,78 (0,43)]. Finalmente los resultados fueron los siguientes: P: 1,77 – T: 1,87 – G: 0,57 – S7: 1,11 – W: 2,17 – W/kg: 1,28. Mostrando diferencias significativas y un tamaño del efecto grande entre ambos sexos en todas las variables analizadas, exceptuando la variable del porcentaje graso.
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    Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR) para el seguimiento clínico post-COVID-19
    (Elsevier Espana S.L.U, 2020) Sibila, Oriol; Molina Molina, María; Valenzuela, Claudia; Ríos Cortés, Antonio Tomás; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Torralba García, Yolanda; Díaz Pérez, David; Landete, Pedro; Mediano, Olga; Tomás López, Laura; Rodríguez Pascual, Luis; Jara Palomares, Luis; López-Reyes, Raquel; Rosa Carrillo, David de la
    La infección por SARS-CoV-2 puede favorecer el desarrollo de diversas secuelas respiratorias, sobre todo en los pacientes que han sufrido una neumonía grave por COVID-19. Dado el elevado número de pacientes que sufrieron esta infección en un corto periodo de tiempo, se están llevando a cabo numerosas visitas de control post-COVID-19 sin que se haya establecido un protocolo de seguimiento clínico que aconseje sobre las pruebas complementarias a realizar y la frecuencia de las mismas. Este documento de consenso realizado por profesionales de distintas áreas de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), pretende ayudar al profesional clínico a la identificación de las posibles complicaciones respiratorias que pueden aparecen durante los meses posteriores al cuadro agudo de la enfermedad y a protocolizar su seguimiento y las pruebas complementarias a realizar. Se sugieren las exploraciones e intervenciones a realizar en diversos momentos de la evolución post-COVID-19, con unos objetivos concretos. Por un lado, garantizar que los pacientes reciban un seguimiento clínico oportuno, con un cronograma preestablecido teniendo en cuenta la gravedad de la enfermedad y la probabilidad de secuelas a largo plazo; por otro lado, evitar sobrecargas del sistema sanitario llevando a cabo exploraciones y/o consultas en muchos casos innecesarias; por último, definir criterios para derivar a aquellos pacientes con determinadas secuelas específicas establecidas (enfermedad pulmonar intersticial, enfermedad vascular pulmonar o bronquiectasias) a las unidades monográficas correspondientes.
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    Eating disorder symptoms and weight pressure in female rowers: associations between self-concept, psychological well-being and body composition
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2024-06-14) Larrinaga García, Beñat; Borrajo, Erika; Muñoz Pérez, Iker; Urquijo Cela, Itziar; García Rodríguez, Ana; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane
    Background: Female rowers may be at risk of eating disorders and high weight pressure. Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of disordered eating symptoms and weight-related pressure and the associations with self-concept, psychological well-being, socio-demographic data, experience, performance level and body composition in female fixed-bench rowers. Methods: Female rowers (n = 208; age ranged mean ± SD 23.6 ± 6.5 years) completed the SCOFF scale, Weight-Pressures in Sport-Females (WPS-F), Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire and the Ryff scales of psychological well-being and provided information on their experience and level of competition. In a subgroup of 115 athletes, body composition was assessed using bioimpedance. Results: It was found that 42.3% of the athletes scored ≥ 2 on SCOFF and mean ± SD value of WPS-F score was 3.65 ± 0.82. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that self-concept of strength and pressure from teammates and the uniform were associated with higher ED symptoms, whereas better psychological well-being in terms of autonomy, self-concept of attractiveness, and age were protective factors for ED symptoms. BMI, athletes’ physical condition, strength, and experience were associated with more weight-related pressure and better self-concept of attractiveness and physical well-being of autonomy were significantly associated with less pressure. In body composition analysis, higher extra cellular water, self-acceptance, and physical condition were associated with more weight-related pressure in female rowers, being attractiveness and the environmental mastery protective elements. Conclusions: The prevalence of ED symptomatology and weight-related pressure are high in female fixed bench rowing. The psychological factors of well-being and self-concept, team environment, body image concerns and body composition analysis should be considered to promote healthy eating behaviours in female rowers
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    Effectiveness of neural mobilisation for the treatment of nerve-related cervicobrachial pain: a systematic review with subgroup meta-analysis
    (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2024-03) Lascurain-Aguirrebeña, Ion; Dominguez, Laura; Villanueva Ruiz, Iker; Ballesteros, Javier; Rueda-Etxeberria, Mikel; Rueda, José Ramón; Casado Zumeta, Xabat; Araolaza Arrieta, Maialen; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Tampin, Brigitte
    Neural mobilisations (NM) have been advocated for the treatment of nerve-related cervicobrachial pain; however, it is unclear what types of patients with nerve-related cervicobrachial pain (if any) may benefit. Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, PeDro, Cinahl, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception until December 2022. Randomised controlled trials were included if they assessed the effectiveness of NM in nerve-related cervicobrachial pain, and outcome measures were pain intensity and/or disability. Studies were classified according to their inclusion/exclusion criteria as radiculopathy, Wainner cluster, Hall, and Elvey cluster or other. Meta-analyses with subgroup analyses were performed. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Rob2 tool. Twenty-seven studies were included. For pain and disability reduction, NM was found to be more effective than no treatment (pooled pain mean difference [MD] = -2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -3.81 to -1.81; pooled disability standardized mean difference = -1.55, 95% CI = -2.72 to -0.37), increased the effectiveness of standard physiotherapy as an adjuvant when compared with standard physiotherapy alone (pooled pain MD = -1.44, 95% CI = -1.98 to -0.89; pooled disability MD = -11.07, 95% CI = -16.38 to -5.75) but was no more effective than cervical traction (pooled pain MD = -0.33, 95% CI = -1.35 to 0.68; pooled disability MD = -10.09, 95% CI = -21.89 to 1.81). For disability reduction, NM was found to be more effective than exercise (pooled MD = -18.27, 95% CI = -20.29 to -17.44). In most comparisons, there were significant differences in the effectiveness of NM between the subgroups. Neural mobilisations was consistently more effective than all alternative interventions (no treatment, traction, exercise, and standard physiotherapy alone) in 13 studies classified as Wainner cluster. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022376087.
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    Exacerbations and changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in patients with bronchiectasis after 1 year
    (MDPI, 2021-03-02) Alcaraz Serrano, Victoria; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Oscanoa, Patricia; Fernández Barat, Laia; Bueno, Leticia; Amaro, Rosanel; Gimeno Santos, Elena; Torres, Antoni
    Background: Low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour in patients with bron-chiectasis are associated with hospitalisation over one year. However, the factors associated with longitudinal changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour have not been explored. We aimed to identify clinical and sociodemographic characteristics related to a change in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in patients with bronchiectasis after one year. Methods: This was a prospective observational study during which physical activity measurements were recorded using a SenseWear Armband for one week at baseline and at one year. At each assessment point, patients were classified as active or inactive (measured as steps per day) and as sedentary or not sedentary (measured as sedentary time). Results: 53 patients with bronchiectasis were analysed, and after one year, 18 (34%) had worse activity and sedentary levels. Specifically, 10 patients be-came inactive and sedentary. Multivariable analysis showed that the number of exacerbations during the follow-up period was the only outcome independently associated with change to higher inactivity and sedentary behaviour (odds ratio (OR), 2.19; 95% CI, 1.12 to 4.28). Conclusions: The number of exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis was associated with changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Exacerbation prevention may appear as a key factor in relation to physical activity and sedentary behaviour in patients with bronchiectasis.
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    Fisioterapia respiratoria post-COVID-19: algoritmo de decisión terapéutica
    (Elsevier Espana S.L.U, 2022-01) Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Lista Paz, Ana; Alcaraz Serrano, Victoria; Escudero Romero, Raúl; Herrero Cortina, Beatriz; Balañá, Ana; Sebio, Raquel; Vilaró, Jordi; Gimeno Santos, Elena
    La pandemia causada por la enfermedad de la COVID-19 ha supuesto un gran reto para los profesionalesdel sistema sociosanitario, intensificándose con el manejo y atención de las manifestaciones clínicas quepotencialmente pueden presentarse de manera persistente en las personas que han superado la enferme-dad. Para ello, la fisioterapia respiratoria se presenta como piedra angular dentro del modelo de abordajeinterdisciplinar que requiere esta población. Dado que la implementación de esta opción terapéuticacontinúa siendo limitada en Espa˜na, es imprescindible realizar una evaluación integral y exhaustiva de lapersona que nos permita establecer criterios de selección a fin de optimizar el uso de los recursos huma-nos y materiales existentes. Para ello, se propone un algoritmo de decisión terapéutica basado en pruebasde evaluación validadas y objetivas de las posibles manifestaciones clínicas del paciente. La aplicación deeste algoritmo, en cualquier nivel asistencial (atención especializada y atención primaria/comunitaria)junto con la atención centrada en la persona, el impulso del uso de los espacios comunitarios verdes yazules de las ciudades y un adecuado uso de las tecnologías de la comunicación y la información, nospermitirá optimizar el modelo de atención de fisioterapia respiratoria en el contexto actual, marcado porla COVID-19.
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    Heart rate and oxygen uptake kinetics obtained from continuous measurements with wearable devices during outdoor walks of patients with COPD
    (SAGE Publications Inc., 2023) Buekers, Joren; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Gimeno Santos, Elena; Donaire González, David; Chevance, Guillaume; Aerts, Jean-Marie; García Aymerich, Judith
    Objective: Continuous physiological measurements during a laboratory-based exercise test can provide physiological biomarkers, such as heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics, that carry clinically relevant information. In contrast, it is not clear how continuous data generated by wearable devices during daily-life routines could provide meaningful biomarkers. We aimed to determine whether valid HR and V̇O2 kinetics can be obtained from measurements with wearable devices during outdoor walks in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: HR (Polar Belt) and V̇O2(METAMAX3B) were measured during 93 physical activity transitions performed by eight patients with COPD during three different outdoor walks (ntr= 77) and a 6-minute walk test (ntr= 16). HR and V̇O2 kinetics were calculated every time a participant started a walk, finished a walk or walked upstairs. HR and V̇O2 kinetics were considered valid if the response magnitude and model fit were adequate, and model parameters were reliable. Results: Continuous measurements with wearable devices provided valid HR kinetics when COPD patients started or finished (range 63%–100%) the different outdoor walks and valid V̇O2 kinetics when they finished (range 63%–100%) an outdoor walk. The amount of valid kinetics and kinetic model performance was comparable between outdoor walks and a laboratory-based exercise test (p >.05). Conclusion: We envision that the presented approach could improve telemonitoring applications of patients with COPD by providing regular, unsupervised assessments of HR kinetics during daily-life routines. This could allow to early identify a decline in the patients’ dynamic physiological functioning, physical fitness and/or health status.
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    Heart rate recovery after the 6-min walk test in people with bronchiectasis
    (European Respiratory Society, 2025-03) Sáez Pérez, Juan Antonio; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Alcaraz Serrano, Victoria; Gimeno Santos, Elena; Torres, Antoni; Herrero Cortina, Beatriz
    Background The cardiac autonomic response to exercise and during recovery has been poorly explored in bronchiectasis. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted in adults with bronchiectasis. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected at baseline and after 12 months of follow-up. The heart rate recovery after the first (HRR1) and second minute (HRR2) of recovery in the six-min walk test (6MWT) was estimated in both assessments. Adjusted regression models were used to identify predictors of a delayed HRR1 (HRR1 ⩽14). Results 104 participants with a mean±SD age of 64±13 years and mostly women (67%) were included. A delayed HRR1 after the baseline 6MWT was identified in 36% of participants. These participants presented a higher proportion of males, increased body mass index, higher disease severity, more likely to require hospitalisation, more impact on quality of life, lower exercise capacity, lower heart rate at the end of the 6MWT and lower HRR2. Disease severity (β, 95% CI) (moderate and severe versus mild, −0.47 (−0.94 to −0.01)) and distance walked (0.34 (0.11 to 0.56)) were the independent variables associated with HRR1. Of the 45 participants who completed the entire follow-up period, 24% exhibited delayed HRR1. The presence of at least two exacerbations during the follow-up period (OR 16.89, 95% CI 1.44 to 197.48) was the only predictor of a delayed HRR1 in the assessment completed at the end of the study. Conclusion HRR1 is related to disease severity and is mainly affected by having severe exacerbations in people with bronchiectasis.
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    Inspiratory muscle training: back to basics must be the first step?
    (Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR), 2024-05) Ballesteros Reviriego, Gonzalo; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Martí Romeu, Joan Daniel
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    Manual therapy and neck-specific exercise are equally effective for treating non-specific neck pain but only when exercise adherence is maximised: a randomised controlled trial
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025-03-21) Villanueva Ruiz, Iker; Falla, Deborah; Saez, Marc; Araolaza Arrieta, Maialen; Azkue Barrenetxea, Jon Jatsu; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Lersundi Artamendi, Ana; Lascurain-Aguirrebeña, Ion
    Objective: To assess the effectiveness of manual therapy versus a progressive, tailored neck-specific exercise program with high adherence for treating non-specific chronic neck pain (NSNP) and to examine the relationship between exercise adherence and treatment outcome. Design: Single-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial with two treatment arms, adhering to CONSORT guidelines. Methods: 65 NSNP participants were randomly allocated to manual therapy or exercise. They received four treatment sessions of either manual therapy or neck-specific exercise, once a week for four weeks. Outcomes measured at baseline, two weeks, four weeks, and 12 weeks post-treatment included pain intensity, disability, patient-perceived improvement, quality of life, kinesiophobia and the craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) performance. In addition to evaluating each individual outcome, patients were categorized into either responders or non-responders according to pain intensity, disability and patient-perceived improvement. Exercise adherence was recorded. Results: There were no differences between groups in individual outcomes. Treatment outcome in the exercise group was associated with exercise adherence. Patients receiving manual therapy were more likely to be classified as responders than those receiving exercise at all measured time points (odds ratio, 2 weeks: 0.14; 95 % CI: 0.02–0.79; treatment completion: 0.31; 95 % CI: 0.12–0.82; 12 weeks after treatment completion: 0.19; 95 % CI: 0.05–0.65), however these differences were no longer present when only patients whose exercise adherence was ≥95 % were analysed. Exercise was more effective than manual therapy in improving CCFT performance but only if patients with ≥95 % adherence were considered. Conclusion: A four-week intervention of manual therapy was more effective than exercise, however when exercise adherence was ≥95 %, the interventions were equally effective. Manual therapy may only be superior to specific-exercise when high exercise adherence cannot be assured.
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    Maximal respiratory pressure reference equations in healthy adults and cut-off points for defining respiratory muscle weakness
    (Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR), 2023-12) Lista Paz, Ana; Langer, Daniel; Barral Fernández, Margarita; Quintela del Río, Alejandro; Gimeno Santos, Elena; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Torres Castro, Rodrigo; Vilaró, Jordi; Varas de la Fuente, Ana B.; Serrano Veguillas, Cristina; Bravo Cortés, Pilar; Martín Cortijo, Concepción; García Delgado, Esther; Herrero Cortina, Beatriz; Valera, José Luis; Fregonezi, Guilherme A.F.; González Montañez, Carolina; Martín Valero, Rocío; Francín Gallego, Marina; Sanesteban Hermida, Yolanda; Giménez Moolhuyzen, Esther; Álvarez Rivas, Jorge; Ríos Cortés, Antonio Tomás; Souto-Camba, Sonia; González Doniz, Luz
    Introduction: Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImax/PEmax) reference equations obtained in healthy people are needed to correctly interpret respiratory muscle strength. Currently, no clear cut-off points defining respiratory muscle weakness are available. We aimed to establish sex-specific reference equations for PImax/PEmax in a large sample of healthy adults and to objectively determine cut-off points for respiratory muscle weakness. Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted across 14 Spanish centres. Healthy non-smoking volunteers aged 18–80 years stratified by sex and age were recruited. PImax/PEmax were assessed using uniform methodology according to international standards. Multiple linear regressions were used to obtain reference equations. Cut-off points for respiratory muscle weakness were established by using T-scores. Results: The final sample consisted of 610 subjects (314 females; 48 [standard deviation, SD: 17] years). Reference equations for PImax/PEmax included body mass index and a squared term of the age as independent variables for both sexes (p < 0.01). Cut-off points for respiratory muscle weakness based on T-scores ≥2.5 SD below the peak mean value achieved at a young age were: 62 and 83 cmH2O for PImax and 81 and 109 cmH2O for PEmax in females and males, respectively. Conclusion: These reference values, based on the largest dataset collected in a European population to date using uniform methodology, help identify cut-off points for respiratory muscle weakness in females and males. These data will help to better identify the presence of respiratory muscle weakness and to determine indications for interventions to improve respiratory muscle function.
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    Patterns of physical activity progression in patients with COPD
    (Elsevier Doyma, 2021-03) Koreny, Maria; Demeyer, Heleen; Benet, Marta; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Balcells, Eva; Barberán García, Anael; Gimeno Santos, Elena; Hopkinson, Nicholas S.; Jong, Corina de; Karlsson, Niklas; Louvaris, Zafeiris; Polkey, Michael I.; Puhan, Milo A.; Rabinovich, Roberto A.; Rodríguez Roisin, Robert; Vall Casas, Pere; Vogiatzis, Ioannis; Troosters, Thierry; García Aymerich, Judith
    Introduction: Although mean physical activity in COPD patients declines by 400–500 steps/day annually, it is unknown whether the natural progression is the same for all patients. We aimed to identify distinct physical activity progression patterns using a hypothesis-free approach and to assess their determinants. Methods: We pooled data from two cohorts (usual care arm of Urban Training [NCT01897298] and PROactive initial validation [NCT01388218] studies) measuring physical activity at baseline and 12 months (Dynaport MoveMonitor). We identified clusters (patterns) of physical activity progression (based on levels and changes of steps/day) using k-means, and compared baseline sociodemographic, interpersonal, environmental, clinical and psychological characteristics across patterns. Results: In 291 COPD patients (mean ± SD 68 ± 8 years, 81% male, FEV1 59 ± 19%pred) we identified three distinct physical activity progression patterns: Inactive (n = 173 [59%], baseline: 4621 ± 1757 steps/day, 12-month change (Δ): −487 ± 1201 steps/day), Active Improvers (n = 49 [17%], baseline: 7727 ± 3275 steps/day, Δ: + 3378 ± 2203 steps/day) and Active Decliners (n = 69 [24%], baseline: 11 267 ± 3009 steps/day, Δ: −2217 ± 2085 steps/day). After adjustment in a mixed multinomial logistic regression model using Active Decliners as reference pattern, a lower 6-min walking distance (RRR [95% CI] 0.94 [0.90–0.98] per 10 m, P =.001) and a higher mMRC dyspnea score (1.71 [1.12–2.60] per 1 point, P =.012) were independently related with being Inactive. No baseline variable was independently associated with being an Active Improver. Conclusions: The natural progression in physical activity over time in COPD patients is heterogeneous. While Inactive patients relate to worse scores for clinical COPD characteristics, Active Improvers and Decliners cannot be predicted at baseline.
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    Physical activity and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional analysis
    (Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2022-05) Delgado Ortiz, Laura; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Rodríguez Chiaradia, Diego A.; Gimeno Santos, Elena; Barberán García, Anael; Balcells, Eva; Rodríguez Roisin, Robert; García Aymerich, Judith
    Background: The cardiac autonomic function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been poorly studied. Objectives: We aimed to 1) describe the cardiac autonomic function assessed by heart rate recovery (HRR) and chronotropic response (CR) during a 6-min walk test (6MWT) and afterward and 2) estimate the association of physical activity with HRR and CR in COPD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 320 patients with mild to very severe COPD. Physical activity (steps, time in any/moderate-to-vigorous/vigorous physical activity, intensity and sedentary time) was measured during 1 week by accelerometer. CR and HRR were measured during a 6MWT and 5 min after, respectively, and their association with physical activity parameters was estimated by multivariable linear regression models. Results: Patients were 82% male and had a mean (SD) age 68 (8) years, post-bronchodilator FEV1 57 (18) % predicted, and walked a mean of 7716 (4139) steps/day. HRR was slow until 5 min after the 6MWT; the mean (SD) HRR was 15 (10), 22 (11), 25 (12), 25 (12) and 27 (12) bpm after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min, respectively. The mean (SD) CR was 35% (16). After adjusting for relevant confounders, time in vigorous physical activity was significantly associated with a fast decrease in HRR (p = 0.044) and an increase in CR (p = 0.021). We found no independent association for other physical activity parameters. Conclusion: A cardiac autonomic dysfunction is present in patients with mild to very severe COPD and is inversely related to the practice of vigorous physical activity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01897298.
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    Physical activity change during COVID-19 confinement
    (MDPI, 2020-09) Castañeda Babarro, Arkaitz; Coca Núñez, Aitor; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Gutiérrez Santamaría, Borja
    Background: The lockdown and social distancing caused by COVID-19 may influence common health behavior. The unprecedent worldwide confinement, in which Spain has been one of the most affected—with severe rules governing confinement—may have changed physical activity (PA) and sedentary habits due to prolonged stays at home. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate how self-reported PA and sedentary time (ST) have changed during confinement in the Spanish population. Methods: 3800 healthy adults (age 18–64 years) residing in Spain answered the international physical activity questionnaire short (IPAQ-S) twice between 23 March and 1 April (confinement). Data analysis was carried out taking into consideration meeting general PA recommendations before confinement, age and gender. Results: Self-reported PA decreased significantly during confinement in our sample. Vigorous physical activities (VPA) and walking time decreased by 16.8% (p < 0.001) and 58.2% (p < 0.001), respectively, whereas ST increased by 23.8% (p < 0.001). The percent of people fulfilling the 75 min/week of VPA recommendation decreased by 10.7% (p < 0.001) while the percent of people who reached 150 min/week of moderate activity barely changed (1.4%). The group that performed the most VPA before confinement showed the greatest decrease (30.5%, p < 0.001). Men reduced time in VPA more than women (21% vs. 9%, respectively) who even increased time in moderate PA by 11% (p < 0.05) and reported less increase in ST than men (35% vs. 25.3%, respectively). Conclusion: The Spanish adult population, especially young people, students and very active men, decreased daily self-reported PA and increased ST during COVID-19 confinement.
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    Real-world walking cadence in people with COPD
    (European Respiratory Society, 2024-03) Delgado Ortiz, Laura; Ranciati, Saverio; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Balcells, Eva; Buekers, Joren; Demeyer, Heleen; Frei, Anja; Gimeno Santos, Elena; Hopkinson, Nicholas S.; Jong, Corina de; Karlsson, Niklas; Louvaris, Zafeiris; Palmerini, Luca; Polkey, Michael I.; Puhan, Milo A.; Rabinovich, Roberto A.; Rodríguez Chiaradía, Diego A.; Rodríguez Roisin, Robert; Torán, Pere; Vogiatzis, Ioannis; Watz, Henrik; Troosters, Thierry; García Aymerich, Judith
    Introduction The clinical validity of real-world walking cadence in people with COPD is unsettled. Our objective was to assess the levels, variability and association with clinically relevant COPD characteristics and outcomes of real-world walking cadence. Methods We assessed walking cadence (steps per minute during walking bouts longer than 10 s) from 7days’ accelerometer data in 593 individuals with COPD from five European countries, and clinical and functional characteristics from validated questionnaires and standardised tests. Severe exacerbations during a 12-month follow-up were recorded from patient reports and medical registries. Results Participants were mostly male (80%) and had mean±SD age of 68±8 years, post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 57±19% predicted and walked 6880±3926 steps·day−1. Mean walking cadence was 88±9 steps·min−1, followed a normal distribution and was highly stable within-person (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.92, 95% CI 0.90–0.93). After adjusting for age, sex, height and number of walking bouts in fractional polynomial or linear regressions, walking cadence was positively associated with FEV1, 6-min walk distance, physical activity (steps·day−1, time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, vector magnitude units, walking time, intensity during locomotion), physical activity experience and health-related quality of life and negatively associated with breathlessness and depression (all p<0.05). These associations remained after further adjustment for daily steps. In negative binomial regression adjusted for multiple confounders, walking cadence related to lower number of severe exacerbations during follow-up (incidence rate ratio 0.94 per step·min−1, 95% CI 0.91–0.99, p=0.009). Conclusions Higher real-world walking cadence is associated with better COPD status and lower severe exacerbations risk, which makes it attractive as a future prognostic marker and clinical outcome.
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    Roles of the physical environment in health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    (Academic Press Inc., 2022-01) Moitra, Subhabrata; Foraster, María; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Marín, Alicia; Barberán García, Anael; Rodríguez Chiaradia, Diego A.; Balcells, Eva; Koreny, Maria; Torán, Pere; Vall Casas, Pere; Rodríguez Roisin, Robert; García Aymerich, Judith
    Rationale: Many clinical and psychological factors are known to influence the health-related quality of life (HRQL) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, research on whether environmental factors, such as air pollution, noise, temperature, and blue/green spaces also influence HRQL in COPD has not been systematically investigated. Objective: To assess the relationship between air pollution, road traffic noise, temperature, and distance to blue/green spaces and respiratory-specific HRQL in COPD. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from a multicenter study in 407 stable mild-to-very severe COPD patients from Barcelona (Catalonia). Patients answered the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ). Individual residential exposure to air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and particulate matters of varying aerodynamic diameters [PM2.5, PM10, and PM2.5absorbance]), road traffic noise (Lden), and land surface temperature were estimated using long-term averages from land-use regression models, 24-h noise maps, and land surface temperature maps, respectively. We measured residential distances to blue/green spaces from the Urban Atlas. We used mixed-effect negative binomial (for CAT) and linear (for CCQ) regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, with a random effect by center. Results: Of those patients, 85 % were male and had a mean (SD) age of 69 (9) years, CAT score of 12 (7), CCQ-total score of 1.4 (1.0), and post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 57 (18) %predicted. We found that NO2 and PM2.5absorbance were associated with worsened CAT and CCQ-mental scores, e.g., 0.15-unit change in CAT score [regression coefficient (β) = 0.15; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.03, 0.26] per interquartile range in NO2 [13.7 μg/m3]. Greater distances to blue/green spaces were associated with worsened CCQ-mental scores [0.08; 0.002, 0.15]. Conclusions: Our study showed that increased air pollution, particularly NO2 and PM2.5absorbance and greater distances to blue/green spaces negatively influence HRQL in COPD patients. These findings have important implications for the WHO promotion to develop healthy cities for our future.
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    Short-term effects of air pollution and weather on physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
    (Academic Press Inc., 2024-04-15) Josa-Culleré, Alícia; Basagaña, Xavier; Koch, Sarah; Arbillaga Etxarri, Ane; Balcells, Eva; Bosch de Basea, Magda; Celorrio, Nuria; Foraster, María; Rodríguez-Roisin, Robert; Marín, Alicia; Peralta, Gabriela P.; Rodríguez-Chiaradia, Diego A.; Simonet, Pere; Torán, Pere; Vall-Casas, Pere; Garcia-Aymerich, Judith
    Introduction: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accumulate low levels of physical activity. How environmental factors affect their physical activity in the short-term is uncertain. Aim: to assess the short-term effects of air pollution and weather on physical activity levels in COPD patients. Methods: This multi-center panel study assessed 408 COPD patients from Catalonia (Spain). Daily physical activity (i.e., steps, time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), locomotion intensity, and sedentary time) was recorded in two 7-day periods, one year apart, using the Dynaport MoveMonitor. Air pollution (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter below 10 μm (PM10) and a marker of black carbon (absorbance of PM2.5: PM2.5ABS), and weather (average and maximum temperature, and rainfall) were estimated the same day (lag zero) and up to 5 days prior to each assessment (lags 1–5). Mixed-effect distributed lag linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, weekday, public holidays, greenness, season, and social class, with patient and city as random effects. Results: Patients (85% male) were on average (mean ± SD) 68 ± 9 years old with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 57 ± 18% predicted. Higher NO2, PM10 and PM2.5ABS levels at lag four were associated with fewer steps, less time in MVPA, reduced locomotion intensity, and longer sedentary time (e.g., coefficient (95% CI) of −60 (−105, −15) steps per 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2). Higher average and maximum temperatures at lag zero were related to more steps and time in MVPA, and less sedentary time (e.g., +85 (15, 154) steps per degree Celsius). Higher rainfall at lag zero was related to fewer steps and more sedentary time. Conclusion: Air pollution affects the amount and intensity of physical activity performed on the following days in COPD patients, whereas weather affects the amount of physical activity performed on the same day