Examinando por Autor "Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia"

Mostrando 1 - 7 de 7
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    Ítem
    Cognitive, creative, functional, and clinical symptom improvements in schizophrenia after an integrative cognitive remediation program: a randomized controlled trial
    (Nature Research, 2021-12) Sampedro, Agurne; Peña Lasa, Javier; Sánchez Gómez, Pedro Manuel; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Gómez Gastiasoro, Ainara; Iriarte Yoller, Nagore; Pavón, Cristóbal; Tous Espelosín, Mikel; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
    This study analyzed the effectiveness of an integrative cognitive remediation program (REHACOP) in improving neurocognition, social cognition, creativity, functional outcome, and clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, possible mediators predicting improvement in functional outcomes were explored. The program combined cognitive remediation with social cognitive training and social and functional skill training over 20 weeks. The sample included 94 patients, 47 in the REHACOP group and 47 in the active control group (occupational activities). Significant differences were found between the two groups in change scores of processing speed, working memory, verbal memory (VM), inhibition, theory of mind, emotion processing (EP), figural creative strengths, functional competence, disorganization, excitement, and primary negative symptoms. A mediational analysis revealed that changes in VM, inhibition, and EP partially explained the effect of cognitive remediation on functional competence improvement. This study provides initial evidence of the effect of integrative cognitive remediation on primary negative symptoms and creativity.
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    Ítem
    The effect of changing the balance between right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on different creativity tasks: a transcranial random noise stimulation study
    (Creative Education Foudation, 2021-12) Peña Lasa, Javier; Sampedro, Agurne; Gómez-Gastiasoro, Ainara; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Zubiaurre Elorza, Leire; Aguiar, Covadonga; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
    Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) increases performance in some perceptual tasks. However, little is known about its effect on creativity. Although dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been postulated as an important cortical area related to creativity, the relative role of left and right DLPFC is still unclear. We aimed to compare the effect of anodal left/cathodal right (L + R−) and cathodal left/anodal right (L − R+) tRNS over the DLPFC. Eighty-four participants were randomly assigned to L + R−, L−R+ or sham group. Current was set at 2 mA (100–500 Hz) with a 1 mA direct current offset (20 min). Creativity was assessed before and during tRNS with the Remotes Associates Test (RAT), Unusual Uses (UU) and Picture Completion (PC) from Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, nine-dot problem and matchstick arithmetic problems. Bootstrapped analysis of covariance (under-stimulation scores controlling for baseline) showed that L + R− and L − R+ groups had higher scores than sham in UU whereas only L + R− improved in RAT compared to sham. The L − R+ group performed significantly better than L + R− and sham groups in PC, nine-dot problem and matchstick arithmetic problems. L + R− DLPFC may help verbal creative thinking whereas the L − R + seems to produce a “releasing effect” through insight problem solving and originality.
  • No hay miniatura disponible
    Ítem
    Effects of transcranial electrical stimulation techniques on second and foreign language learning enhancement in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021-09-17) Balboa Bandeira, Yolanda; Zubiaurre Elorza, Leire; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia; Peña Lasa, Javier
    Background: Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques have been used to enhance different cognitive domains such as language in healthy adults. While several reviews and meta-analysis have been conducted on the effects of tES on different language skills (picture naming, verbal fluency, word reading), there has been little research conducted to date on the effects of tES on the processes involved in foreign language learning. Objective: A meta-analysis was performed to quantify the effects of tES on foreign language learning processes (non-words, artificial grammar, and foreign languages), focusing on accuracy, response times and 1-week follow-up effects, if reported by the studies. Results: Eleven studies that had sham condition were reviewed. Nine of them were analyzed, including five using within-participant design, and four that employed between-participant design. The final analysis encompassed nine studies with 279 healthy participants. The analysis showed moderate enhancing effects of tES on overall language learning (g = 0.50, 95 % CI [0.29, 0.71], p = .0001). However, results were not significant on follow up data (g = 0.54, 95 % CI [-0.12, 1.20], p = .07), and on response times (g = 0.50, 95 % CI [-0.1, 1.18], p = .10). The effects were significantly moderated by years of education. Conclusions: The results suggest that tES seems to enhance the mechanisms involved in foreign language learning; however, more research is needed to understand the impact scope of these techniques on language learning processes.
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    Enhancement of divergent creative thinking after transcranial near-infrared photobiomodulation over the default mode network
    (Routledge, 2024) Peña Lasa, Javier; Muthalib, Makii; Beaty, Roger E.; Sampedro, Agurne; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Zubiaurre Elorza, Leire; García Guerrero, Acebo; Cortazar, Ibon; Niso, Mikel; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
    Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has been used for cognitive enhancement in healthy people. However, its effect on creativity has not been investigated. The default mode network (DMN) is associated with divergent thinking (DT; but not convergent thinking, CT), and also with anxiety, which in turn has been negatively related to creativity. We aimed to use tPBM over the DMN to assess the effect on DT compared to sham. Additionally, we assessed the possible mediating effect of anxiety between tPBM and DT. In this single-blind, between-subjects study, 58 healthy participants were randomly assigned to tPBM or sham group. tPBM was applied using near-infrared light (810 nm, 40 Hz; 50% duty cycle), through light-emitting diode devices combining transcranial plus intranasal PBM over the cortical nodes of the DMN for 20 min (240 J/cm2 in total). DT and CT were assessed before (baseline) and after tPBM with the Unusual Uses (UU), Picture Completion (PC) and Remote Associates test (RAT). ANCOVA (post-stimulation controlling for baseline) results showed that tPBM group had significantly higher scores compared to sham in total UU, PC, and total DT. tPBM may be effective for DT enhancement. The lack of effect on CT reveals a specific link between DMN and DT.
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    Enhancing creativity with combined transcranial direct current and random noise stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-03) Peña Lasa, Javier; Muthalib, Makii; Sampedro, Agurne; Cardoso-Botelho, Mafalda; Zabala Gómez, Oihana; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; García Guerrero, Acebo; Zubiaurre Elorza, Leire; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
    Creativity is a fundamental human accomplishment from scientific advances to composing music. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) are important metacontrol hubs in flexibility and persistence brain states, respectively. Those hubs are related to divergent thinking, insight problem-solving, and convergent thinking. In this double-blind, between-subjects study, 81 healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 27) that received a combined transcranial direct current stimulation–transcranial random noise stimulation (tDCS-tRNS) protocol with the anode over the left DLPFC and cathode over the left IFG (+DLPFC−IFG), the opposite montage (−DLPFC+IFG), and a sham group (+DLPFC−IFG). Both active tDCS-tRNS groups received 20 min of 1 mA tDCS with 1 mA (100–500 Hz) tRNS. Creativity was assessed before (baseline) and during stimulation with the Unusual Uses, Picture Completion (PC), Remote Association test (RAT), Matchstick Arithmetic (MA), and Nine-dot (ND) problems. Only the +DLPFC−IFG group had significantly higher scores compared with sham in the RAT (p =.009), PC fluency (p =.018), PC originality (p =.007), ND (p =.007), and MA (p =.032). Overall, −DLPFC+IFG had greater scores in all creativity tests compared with sham. Implications from the metacontrol theory are discussed.
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    Ítem
    Improvement in creativity after transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2019-12) Peña Lasa, Javier; Sampedro, Agurne; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Zubiaurre Elorza, Leire; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
    Creativity has previously been shown to improve after the application of direct and alternating current transcranial stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, previous studies have not tested whether transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) was efficient for this purpose. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the effect of tRNS on both verbal convergent and (verbal and visual) divergent thinking during left DLPFC tRNS stimulation. Thirty healthy participants were randomly allocated to either a tRNS active group or a sham group. Each session lasted 20 min and the current was set to 1.5 mA (100–500 Hz). Participants’ verbal convergent thinking was assessed with the Remote Associates Test (RAT). Verbal and visual divergent thinking were respectively measured by using the Unusual Uses and Picture Completion subtests from the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Bootstrapped analysis of variance showed significant differences in the mean change scores between the active tRNS group and the sham group in RAT scores (d = 1.68); unusual uses: fluency (d = 2.29) and originality (d = 1.43); and general creativity (d = 1.45). Visual divergent thinking, in contrast, did not show any significant improvement. Our results suggested that tRNS over the left DLPFC is effective for increasing verbal divergent and convergent thinking.
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    Moderators of functional improvement after integrative cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: toward a personalized treatment approach
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023-11) Sampedro, Agurne; Peña Lasa, Javier; Sánchez Gómez, Pedro Manuel; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Iriarte Yoller, Nagore; Pavón, Cristóbal; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
    Cognitive remediation is an effective intervention for improving functional outcome in schizophrenia. However, the factors that moderate this improvement are still poorly understood. The study aimed to identify moderators of functional outcome improvement after integrative cognitive remediation (REHACOP) in schizophrenia. This was a secondary analysis of data from two randomized controlled trials, which included 182 patients (REHACOP group=94; active control group=88). Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to identify moderators of functional outcome improvement. Two baseline level groups (low-level and high-level) were created to analyze the moderating role of this baseline level cluster using repeated measures ANCOVA. The REHACOP was effective regardless of participants’ baseline level, but regression analyses indicated that the effectiveness on functional outcome was higher among those who were older, had fewer years in education, lower scores in baseline cognition and functional outcome, and more negative symptoms. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that the baseline level cluster influenced the improvement in functional outcome, with the low-level group showing greater improvements. The results reinforced the need to implement cognitive remediation programs more broadly as a treatment for schizophrenia in healthcare services. Furthermore, they provided evidence for the development of personalized cognitive remediation plans to improve benefits in different schizophrenia profiles.