Fernández de Gamarra Oca, LexuriOjeda del Pozo, NataliaGómez-Gastiasoro, AinaraPeña Lasa, JavierIbarretxe Bilbao, NaroaGarcía Guerrero, AceboLoureiro González, BegoñaZubiaurre Elorza, Leire2025-01-142025-01-142021-10Fernández de Gamarra-Oca, L., Ojeda, N., Gómez-Gastiasoro, A., Peña, J., Ibarretxe-Bilbao, N., García-Guerrero, M. A., Loureiro, B., & Zubiaurre-Elorza, L. (2021). Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes after Moderate and Late Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review. Journal of Pediatrics, 237, 168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPEDS.2021.06.0040022-347610.1016/J.JPEDS.2021.06.004http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/2218Objective: To systematically review and perform meta-analyses on the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of adults born moderate and late preterm (MLPT) in relation to cognitive functioning and psychiatric disorders. Study design: A search was conducted to identify any studies that involved prematurity in adulthood. From these studies, reports that included a group of MLPT adults and included description of cognitive and/or mental health domains (including specific long-term outcomes) were selected. Results: In total, 155 publications were identified, but only 16 papers met the inclusion criteria. A small effect size (g = 0.38) was found in MLPT to demonstrate poorer intellectual performance compared with those born at term. Moreover, MLPT adults exhibited greater odds for any psychiatric (OR 1.14), substance use (OR 1.16), mood (OR 1.06), and psychotic disorders (OR 1.40). Conclusions: Despite inconsistency due to the methodologic differences between the selected studies, MLPT showed minor long-term effects into adulthood. However, more studies are needed, because prematurity seems to confer some vulnerability to biological and environmental factors that enhance susceptibility to adverse neurodevelopment outcomes.eng© 2021 The Author(s)CognitionLong-term effectsMental healthModerate and late prematurityjournal article2025-01-141097-6833